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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Poisson-Verteilung</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox wikitable float-right" style="width: 285px; border-spacing: 2px; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-size: 90%; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left; vertical-align:top;">

<tbody><tr valign="top" style="text-align: center; font-size: 100%; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;">
<td colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold; padding-right: 1em;">Poisson-Verteilung
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<td colspan="2">Wahrscheinlichkeitsfunktion <br><span typeof="mw:File"></span><br>Wahrscheinlichkeitsfunktion der Poisson-Verteilung für die Parameter <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> = 1, 5 und 9
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<td colspan="2">Verteilungsfunktion<br><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"></span><br>Verteilungsfunktion der Poisson-Verteilung für die Parameter <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> = 1, 5 und 9
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th>Parameter
</th>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda \in \mathbb {R} ^{+}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>+</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda \in \mathbb {R} ^{+}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b86373a7a31e97660c2b7b9135e4fb74e6537097.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.385ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda \in \mathbb {R} ^{+}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="Tr%C3%A4ger_(Mathematik)" title="Träger (Mathematik)">Träger</a>
</th>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {N} _{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {N} _{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/77ab7e98123f0def29a1cd3df96a0b7a58f4202c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.732ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {N} _{0}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="Wahrscheinlichkeitsfunktion" title="Wahrscheinlichkeitsfunktion">Wahrscheinlichkeitsfunktion</a>
</th>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e^{-\lambda }{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e^{-\lambda }{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3ac50f443e7a635abdcba3bad49d1afa8c92aecd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:6.833ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e^{-\lambda }{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="Verteilungsfunktion" title="Verteilungsfunktion">Verteilungsfunktion</a>
</th>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e^{-\lambda }\sum _{k=0}^{n}{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e^{-\lambda }\sum _{k=0}^{n}{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8f92db93d2eddb7e87696808dbccb147e8266ae6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:10.962ex; height:7.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e^{-\lambda }\sum _{k=0}^{n}{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="Erwartungswert" title="Erwartungswert">Erwartungswert</a>
</th>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="Median_(Stochastik)" title="Median (Stochastik)">Median</a>
</th>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \approx \left\lfloor \lambda +{\frac {1}{3}}-{\frac {1}{50\lambda }}\right\rfloor }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>≈<!-- ≈ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>⌊</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mn>50</mn>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>⌋</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \approx \left\lfloor \lambda +{\frac {1}{3}}-{\frac {1}{50\lambda }}\right\rfloor }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7096e049b66dc970bb7ad4f95bd95fe410d56608.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:18.715ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \approx \left\lfloor \lambda +{\frac {1}{3}}-{\frac {1}{50\lambda }}\right\rfloor }" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="Modus_(Stochastik)" title="Modus (Stochastik)">Modus</a>
</th>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lceil \lambda \rceil -1,\lfloor \lambda \rfloor }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⌈<!-- ⌈ --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⌉<!-- ⌉ --></mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⌊<!-- ⌊ --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⌋<!-- ⌋ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lceil \lambda \rceil -1,\lfloor \lambda \rfloor }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6f43b2707041c373a53f00a3c51b5b2274b6fb84.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.877ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lceil \lambda \rceil -1,\lfloor \lambda \rfloor }" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="Varianz_(Stochastik)" title="Varianz (Stochastik)">Varianz</a>
</th>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="Schiefe_(Statistik)" title="Schiefe (Statistik)">Schiefe</a>
</th>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\sqrt {\lambda }}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msqrt>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</msqrt>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\sqrt {\lambda }}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/89acf6db1533e1d7afef03d16012dbe8eddb0b91.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:4.127ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\sqrt {\lambda }}}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="W%C3%B6lbung_(Statistik)" title="Wölbung (Statistik)">Wölbung</a>
</th>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\lambda }}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\lambda }}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d496a9397007733fdbbb2f98433e7aab4e51ff4f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:2.191ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\lambda }}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>

<tr>
<th><a href="Momenterzeugende_Funktion" title="Momenterzeugende Funktion">Momenterzeugende Funktion</a>
</th>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e^{\lambda \left(e^{t}-1\right)}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e^{\lambda \left(e^{t}-1\right)}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5cf9342a953f59810627ffc6c5b0a73fad99f1a3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.293ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e^{\lambda \left(e^{t}-1\right)}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>

<tr>
<th><a href="Fisher-Information" title="Fisher-Information">Fisher-Information</a>
</th>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\lambda }}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\lambda }}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d496a9397007733fdbbb2f98433e7aab4e51ff4f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:2.191ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\lambda }}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>Die <b>Poisson-Verteilung</b> (benannt nach dem Mathematiker <a href="Sim%C3%A9on_Denis_Poisson" title="Siméon Denis Poisson">Siméon Denis Poisson</a>) ist eine <a href="Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung" class="mw-redirect" title="Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung">Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung</a>, mit der die Anzahl von Ereignissen <a href="Mathematisches_Modell" title="Mathematisches Modell">modelliert</a> werden kann, die bei konstanter mittlerer Rate <a href="Stochastisch_unabh%C3%A4ngige_Ereignisse" title="Stochastisch unabhängige Ereignisse">unabhängig voneinander</a> in einem festen <a href="Intervall_(Mathematik)" title="Intervall (Mathematik)">Zeitintervall</a> oder räumlichen Gebiet eintreten. Sie ist eine <a href="Univariate_Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung" title="Univariate Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung">univariate</a> <a href="Diskrete_Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung" title="Diskrete Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung">diskrete Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung</a>, die einen häufig vorkommenden <a href="#Beziehung_zur_Binomialverteilung">Grenzwert der Binomialverteilung</a> für unendlich viele Versuche darstellt. Sie lässt sich aber auch aus grundlegenden Prozesseigenschaften axiomatisch herleiten.
</p><p>Eine <a href="Zufallsvariable" title="Zufallsvariable">Zufallsvariable</a>, deren Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung eine Poisson-Verteilung ist, heißt <b>Poisson-verteilt</b>.
Die Zuwächse eines <a href="Poisson-Prozess" title="Poisson-Prozess">Poisson-Prozesses</a> sind Poisson-verteilte Zufallsvariablen. Erweiterungen der Poisson-Verteilung wie die <a href="Verallgemeinerte_Poisson-Verteilung" title="Verallgemeinerte Poisson-Verteilung">verallgemeinerte Poisson-Verteilung</a> und die <a href="Gemischte_Poisson-Verteilung" title="Gemischte Poisson-Verteilung">gemischte Poisson-Verteilung</a> werden vor allem im Bereich der <a href="Versicherungsmathematik" title="Versicherungsmathematik">Versicherungsmathematik</a> angewendet.
</p><p>Die Poisson-Verteilung spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei diskret-stabilen Verteilungen.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2></div>
<p>Die Poisson-Verteilung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/330591f9b6fffc93ca78514576fd0d8cfac6f0c7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.683ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }}" loading="lazy"></span> ist eine diskrete Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung. Sie wird durch einen <a href="Reelle_Zahl" title="Reelle Zahl">reellen</a> Parameter <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda >0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>&gt;</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda &gt;0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/eea25afc0351140f919cf791c49c1964b8b081de.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.616ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda >0}" loading="lazy"></span> bestimmt, der den <a href="Erwartungswert" title="Erwartungswert">Erwartungswert</a> und gleichzeitig die <a href="Varianz_(Stochastik)" title="Varianz (Stochastik)">Varianz</a> der Verteilung beschreibt. Sie ordnet den <a href="Nat%C3%BCrliche_Zahl" title="Natürliche Zahl">natürlichen Zahlen</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k=0,1,2,\dotsc }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k=0,1,2,\dotsc }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bef1e5a51109236021de6a58dd6cd8f8d5f3579a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.622ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k=0,1,2,\dotsc }" loading="lazy"></span> die Wahrscheinlichkeiten
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(k)={\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(k)={\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3f536121653da552e59c0d06c4c7ae58f520320a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:15.97ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(k)={\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>zu, wobei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {e} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {e} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3a1f6ea7bf1c1e53e8200cb7e2917ccb23df457b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.032ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {e} }" loading="lazy"></span> die <a href="Eulersche_Zahl" title="Eulersche Zahl">Eulersche Zahl</a> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k!}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>!</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k!}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/949e312c9bf9a9a5e641c1db1b1d7c6f0425b536.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.858ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k!}" loading="lazy"></span> die <a href="Fakult%C3%A4t_(Mathematik)" title="Fakultät (Mathematik)">Fakultät</a> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span> bezeichnet. Der Parameter <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> beschreibt anschaulich die bei einer Beobachtung erwartete Ereignishäufigkeit. Die Poisson-Verteilung gibt dann die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer bestimmten Ereignisanzahl <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span> im Einzelfall an, wenn die <a href="Arithmetisches_Mittel" title="Arithmetisches Mittel">mittlere</a> Ereignisrate <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> bekannt ist.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beispiele">Beispiele</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radioaktivität"><span id="Radioaktivit.C3.A4t"></span>Radioaktivität</h3></div>
<p>An einer <a href="Radioaktivit%C3%A4t" title="Radioaktivität">radioaktiven</a> Probe aus <a href="Uran" title="Uran">Uran</a> werden pro Sekunde im Mittel <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda =4{,}5}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>5</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda =4{,}5}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bf1f42f0b4b45c459eeb0bbbffc022768464fb4a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.425ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda =4{,}5}" loading="lazy"></span> Zerfälle gemessen. Da die Zerfallsereignisse approximativ unabhängig voneinander sind, ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass in einem Zeitintervall von 1 Sekunde <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span> Zerfallsereignisse gemessen werden, etwa durch die <a href="Wahrscheinlichkeitsfunktion" title="Wahrscheinlichkeitsfunktion">Wahrscheinlichkeitsfunktion</a> einer Poisson-Verteilung gegeben:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{4{,}5}(k)={\frac {4{,}5^{k}}{k!}}\mathrm {e} ^{-{4{,}5}}\;,}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>5</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mn>5</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>5</mn>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>,</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{4{,}5}(k)={\frac {4{,}5^{k}}{k!}}\mathrm {e} ^{-{4{,}5}}\;,}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/252a8c8f878b04e31edeeed61e236245c404f094.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:20.778ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{4{,}5}(k)={\frac {4{,}5^{k}}{k!}}\mathrm {e} ^{-{4{,}5}}\;,}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die Werte sind für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k=0,1,\dots ,20}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>20</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k=0,1,\dots ,20}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/451b048021a38dc6bc8b04c7ada4d531bd59fa10.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:15.172ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k=0,1,\dots ,20}" loading="lazy"></span> in folgender Tabelle aufgelistet:
</p>
<table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right">
<tbody><tr>
<th>k
</th>
<th><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{4{,}5}(k)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>5</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{4{,}5}(k)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6cb460cb8d783c526382c16a2fee287738b5cfd8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:6.846ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{4{,}5}(k)}" loading="lazy"></span>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>0</b></td>
<td>0,011109
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>1</b></td>
<td>0,049990
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>2</b></td>
<td>0,112479
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>3</b></td>
<td>0,168718
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>4</b></td>
<td>0,189808
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>5</b></td>
<td>0,170827
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>6</b></td>
<td>0,128120
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>7</b></td>
<td>0,082363
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>8</b></td>
<td>0,046329
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>9</b></td>
<td>0,023165
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>10</b></td>
<td>0,010424
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>11</b></td>
<td>0,004264
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>12</b></td>
<td>0,001599
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>13</b></td>
<td>0,000554
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>14</b></td>
<td>0,000178
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>15</b></td>
<td>0,000053
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>16</b></td>
<td>0,000015
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>17</b></td>
<td>0,000004
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>18</b></td>
<td>0,000001
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>19</b></td>
<td>0,000000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>20</b></td>
<td>0,000000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Summe</b></td>
<td><b>1,000000</b>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ergebnisse_beim_Fußball"><span id="Ergebnisse_beim_Fu.C3.9Fball"></span>Ergebnisse beim Fußball</h3></div>
<p>Die Fußballmannschaft von <i>SK Rapid Wien</i> erzielt im Mittel 1,39 Tore pro Spiel. Die Fußballmannschaft von <i>SK Sturm Graz</i> hat eine Torquote von 1,61 pro Spiel. Es sollen die Wahrscheinlichkeiten berechnet werden, dass bei einem Match zwischen <i>SK Rapid Wien</i> und <i>SK Sturm Graz</i> bestimmte Ergebnisse erzielt werden. Es wird vereinfacht angenommen, dass die Anzahlen der Tore der zwei Mannschaften <a href="Stochastisch_unabh%C3%A4ngige_Ereignisse" title="Stochastisch unabhängige Ereignisse">stochastisch unabhängig</a> sind. Für das Endergebnis <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k_{1}:k_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>:</mo>
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k_{1}:k_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1b5c2093ceb481c5ffc4f0dde8206cf6e24ee000.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.468ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k_{1}:k_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> ergibt sich das Produkt der Wahrscheinlichkeiten der zwei Poisson-Verteilungen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda _{1}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{\lambda _{1}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3052c6637fbb4f4b5d122d320727f23719dcf6f5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.514ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda _{1}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda _{2}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{\lambda _{2}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/dbf027d38ae68f05a2d3b73a20979c974eed83f5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.514ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda _{2}}}" loading="lazy"></span> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda _{1}=1{,}39}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>39</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda _{1}=1{,}39}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6df30ba327dde459d78f554c2fdff0cdf1e5cc66.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.642ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda _{1}=1{,}39}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda _{2}=1{,}61}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>61</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda _{2}=1{,}61}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/df3e6f590bf289b8d3a118b223a35fedc19668a3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.642ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda _{2}=1{,}61}" loading="lazy"></span>, also
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda _{1}}(k_{1})\cdot P_{\lambda _{2}}(k_{2})={\frac {\lambda _{1}^{k_{1}}}{k_{1}!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda _{1}}\cdot {\frac {\lambda _{2}^{k_{2}}}{k_{2}!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda _{2}}={\frac {1{,}39^{k_{1}}}{k_{1}!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-1{,}39}\cdot {\frac {1{,}61^{k_{2}}}{k_{2}!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-1{,}61}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msubsup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msubsup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mn>39</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>39</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mn>61</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>61</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{\lambda _{1}}(k_{1})\cdot P_{\lambda _{2}}(k_{2})={\frac {\lambda _{1}^{k_{1}}}{k_{1}!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda _{1}}\cdot {\frac {\lambda _{2}^{k_{2}}}{k_{2}!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda _{2}}={\frac {1{,}39^{k_{1}}}{k_{1}!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-1{,}39}\cdot {\frac {1{,}61^{k_{2}}}{k_{2}!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-1{,}61}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/482534f049c5db8298764b5d6ca7923e7ac767b8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:69.565ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda _{1}}(k_{1})\cdot P_{\lambda _{2}}(k_{2})={\frac {\lambda _{1}^{k_{1}}}{k_{1}!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda _{1}}\cdot {\frac {\lambda _{2}^{k_{2}}}{k_{2}!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda _{2}}={\frac {1{,}39^{k_{1}}}{k_{1}!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-1{,}39}\cdot {\frac {1{,}61^{k_{2}}}{k_{2}!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-1{,}61}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die Wahrscheinlichkeiten für die Ergebnisse 0:0, 0:1, 0:2, 0:3, 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:0, 2:1, 2:2, 2:3, 3:0, 3:1, 3:2, 3:3 zeigt die folgende Tabelle:
</p>
<table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right">
<tbody><tr>
<th>k<sub>1</sub>:k<sub>2</sub>
</th>
<th>0
</th>
<th>1
</th>
<th>2
</th>
<th>3
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th>0
</th>
<td>0,0498
</td>
<td>0,0802
</td>
<td>0,0645
</td>
<td>0,0346
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th>1
</th>
<td>0,0692
</td>
<td><b>0,1114</b>
</td>
<td>0,0897
</td>
<td>0,0481
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th>2
</th>
<td>0,0481
</td>
<td>0,0774
</td>
<td>0,0623
</td>
<td>0,0335
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th>3
</th>
<td>0,0223
</td>
<td>0,0359
</td>
<td>0,0289
</td>
<td>0,0155
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Das Ergebnis 1:1 hat mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1{,}39}(1)\cdot P_{1{,}61}(1)\approx 0{,}1114}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>39</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>61</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≈<!-- ≈ --></mo>
<mn>0,111</mn>
<mn>4</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1{,}39}(1)\cdot P_{1{,}61}(1)\approx 0{,}1114}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/454f226f62fb318fc4cefebfec711b2a6d144d9e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:26.476ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1{,}39}(1)\cdot P_{1{,}61}(1)\approx 0{,}1114}" loading="lazy"></span> die größte Wahrscheinlichkeit.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rekursionsformel">Rekursionsformel</h3></div>
<p>Es gilt die Rekursionsformel
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(k)={\frac {\lambda }{k}}P_{\lambda }(k-1)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mi>k</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(k)={\frac {\lambda }{k}}P_{\lambda }(k-1)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cf00566c6921e29dac61e74a152aec704fb3f0ef.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:20.699ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(k)={\frac {\lambda }{k}}P_{\lambda }(k-1)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k=1,2,\dots }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k=1,2,\dots }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/dc6765ef6ad5fe8e62c1e9259853dcead21e0950.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.426ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k=1,2,\dots }" loading="lazy"></span> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(0)=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(0)=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f69bf80ad4f59cebc5a37c2a85c97bc5ed814739.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.255ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(0)=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verteilungsfunktion">Verteilungsfunktion</h3></div>
<p>Die <a href="Verteilungsfunktion" title="Verteilungsfunktion">Verteilungsfunktion</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F_{\lambda }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>F</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F_{\lambda }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/67c8d3cfdc1237443917cc1c1021e3ac6535d5bb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.685ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F_{\lambda }}" loading="lazy"></span> der Poisson-Verteilung ist
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F_{\lambda }(n)=\sum _{k=0}^{n}P_{\lambda }(k)=e^{-\lambda }\sum _{k=0}^{n}{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}=Q(n+1,\lambda )=p}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>F</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>Q</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>p</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F_{\lambda }(n)=\sum _{k=0}^{n}P_{\lambda }(k)=e^{-\lambda }\sum _{k=0}^{n}{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}=Q(n+1,\lambda )=p}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/472c33f8a50a6010104f2cb0852e21d6f6e513a8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:51.294ex; height:7.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F_{\lambda }(n)=\sum _{k=0}^{n}P_{\lambda }(k)=e^{-\lambda }\sum _{k=0}^{n}{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}=Q(n+1,\lambda )=p}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>und gibt die Wahrscheinlichkeit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/81eac1e205430d1f40810df36a0edffdc367af36.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.259ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p}" loading="lazy"></span> dafür an, höchstens <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span> Ereignisse zu finden, wo man <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> im Mittel erwartet. Dabei bezeichnet <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q(a,x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Q</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q(a,x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9172790934463388ffadbd6210824133db6a8fd3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.241ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q(a,x)}" loading="lazy"></span> die <a href="Gammafunktion#Unvollständige_Gammafunktion" title="Gammafunktion">regularisierte Gammafunktion</a> der unteren Grenze.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erwartungswert,_Varianz,_Moment"><span id="Erwartungswert.2C_Varianz.2C_Moment"></span>Erwartungswert, Varianz, Moment</h3></div>
<p>Ist die <a href="Zufallsvariable" title="Zufallsvariable">Zufallsvariable</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>X</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/68baa052181f707c662844a465bfeeb135e82bab.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.98ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X}" loading="lazy"></span> Poisson-verteilt, also <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X\sim {\mathcal {P}}(\lambda )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>X</mi>
<mo>∼<!-- ∼ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X\sim {\mathcal {P}}(\lambda )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2ec1983138935693e3e72d810219033633726b8d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.947ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X\sim {\mathcal {P}}(\lambda )}" loading="lazy"></span>, so ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> zugleich <a href="Erwartungswert" title="Erwartungswert">Erwartungswert</a> und <a href="Varianz_(Stochastik)" title="Varianz (Stochastik)">Varianz</a>, denn es gilt
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \operatorname {E} (X)=\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }k{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }=\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }k{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }=\lambda \,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{k-1}}{(k-1)!}}=\lambda \,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\underbrace {\sum _{j=0}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{j}}{j!}}} _{e^{\lambda }}=\lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits">
<munder>
<mrow>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>⏟<!-- ⏟ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \operatorname {E} (X)=\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }k{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }=\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }k{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }=\lambda \,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{k-1}}{(k-1)!}}=\lambda \,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\underbrace {\sum _{j=0}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{j}}{j!}}} _{e^{\lambda }}=\lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/561b38d5455ce0e8f0cd188b6aa282489159569e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -7.171ex; width:76.43ex; height:11.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \operatorname {E} (X)=\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }k{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }=\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }k{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }=\lambda \,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{k-1}}{(k-1)!}}=\lambda \,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\underbrace {\sum _{j=0}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{j}}{j!}}} _{e^{\lambda }}=\lambda }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>sowie
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\operatorname {E} \left(X^{2}\right)&amp;=\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }k^{2}{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\,\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }k{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{(k-1)!}}=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\,\left(\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }(k-1){\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{(k-1)!}}+\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{(k-1)!}}\right)\\&amp;=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\,\left(\sum _{k=2}^{\infty }(k-1){\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{(k-1)!}}+\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{(k-1)!}}\right)=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\,\sum _{k=2}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{(k-2)!}}+\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\,\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{(k-1)!}}\\&amp;=\lambda ^{2}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\,\sum _{k=2}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{k-2}}{(k-2)!}}+\lambda \cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\,\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{k-1}}{(k-1)!}}=\lambda ^{2}+\lambda .\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<msup>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>!</mo>
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</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
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<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>!</mo>
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</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>!</mo>
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</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
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<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
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<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>!</mo>
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</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\operatorname {E} \left(X^{2}\right)&amp;=\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }k^{2}{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\,\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }k{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{(k-1)!}}=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\,\left(\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }(k-1){\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{(k-1)!}}+\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{(k-1)!}}\right)\\&amp;=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\,\left(\sum _{k=2}^{\infty }(k-1){\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{(k-1)!}}+\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{(k-1)!}}\right)=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\,\sum _{k=2}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{(k-2)!}}+\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\,\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{(k-1)!}}\\&amp;=\lambda ^{2}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\,\sum _{k=2}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{k-2}}{(k-2)!}}+\lambda \cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\,\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{k-1}}{(k-1)!}}=\lambda ^{2}+\lambda .\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6c989cf8c30c1849efdf4753a63bc38a60e0a96f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -10.505ex; width:91.531ex; height:22.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\operatorname {E} \left(X^{2}\right)&amp;=\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }k^{2}{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\,\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }k{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{(k-1)!}}=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\,\left(\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }(k-1){\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{(k-1)!}}+\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{(k-1)!}}\right)\\&amp;=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\,\left(\sum _{k=2}^{\infty }(k-1){\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{(k-1)!}}+\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{(k-1)!}}\right)=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\,\sum _{k=2}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{(k-2)!}}+\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\,\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{(k-1)!}}\\&amp;=\lambda ^{2}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\,\sum _{k=2}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{k-2}}{(k-2)!}}+\lambda \cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\,\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^{k-1}}{(k-1)!}}=\lambda ^{2}+\lambda .\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Nach dem <a href="Verschiebungssatz_(Statistik)" title="Verschiebungssatz (Statistik)">Verschiebungssatz</a> folgt hiermit
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \operatorname {Var} (X)=\operatorname {E} \left(X^{2}\right)-(\operatorname {E} (X))^{2}=\lambda ^{2}+\lambda -\lambda ^{2}=\lambda .}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Var</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \operatorname {Var} (X)=\operatorname {E} \left(X^{2}\right)-(\operatorname {E} (X))^{2}=\lambda ^{2}+\lambda -\lambda ^{2}=\lambda .}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/14079286f880f83e1851c54ea1fbc6fe70011b7c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:48.599ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \operatorname {Var} (X)=\operatorname {E} \left(X^{2}\right)-(\operatorname {E} (X))^{2}=\lambda ^{2}+\lambda -\lambda ^{2}=\lambda .}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Auch für das dritte zentrierte Moment gilt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \operatorname {E} \left(\left(X-\operatorname {E} (X)\right)^{3}\right)=\lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \operatorname {E} \left(\left(X-\operatorname {E} (X)\right)^{3}\right)=\lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/91b96dcca6f66429439e5d8ffbc6669ae2765f84.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:21.868ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \operatorname {E} \left(\left(X-\operatorname {E} (X)\right)^{3}\right)=\lambda }" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Median">Median</h3></div>
<p>Es liegt die Vermutung nahe, dass der <a href="Median_(Stochastik)" title="Median (Stochastik)">Median</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n_{\text{median}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>n</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>median</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n_{\text{median}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4b29b1bb8ba6dfdf81da72eb8330a79ba64b5028.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.833ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n_{\text{median}}}" loading="lazy"></span> nahe bei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span>
liegt. Eine exakte Formel existiert jedoch nicht, die genauestmögliche Abschätzung ist<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda -\ln 2\leq n_{\text{median}}<\lambda +{\frac {1}{3}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>n</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>median</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda -\ln 2\leq n_{\text{median}}&lt;\lambda +{\frac {1}{3}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/36eef4e68d45863e66844843a1d108368e40377b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:27.556ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda -\ln 2\leq n_{\text{median}}<\lambda +{\frac {1}{3}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variationskoeffizient">Variationskoeffizient</h3></div>
<p>Aus <a href="Erwartungswert" title="Erwartungswert">Erwartungswert</a> und <a href="Varianz_(Stochastik)" title="Varianz (Stochastik)">Varianz</a> erhält man sofort den <a href="Variationskoeffizient" title="Variationskoeffizient">Variationskoeffizienten</a>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \operatorname {VarK} (X)={\frac {\sqrt {\operatorname {Var} (X)}}{\operatorname {E} (X)}}={\frac {1}{\sqrt {\lambda }}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>VarK</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msqrt>
<mi>Var</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</msqrt>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msqrt>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</msqrt>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \operatorname {VarK} (X)={\frac {\sqrt {\operatorname {Var} (X)}}{\operatorname {E} (X)}}={\frac {1}{\sqrt {\lambda }}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/59562451c91f870a988d374d4e97785cace43167.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:30.505ex; height:7.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \operatorname {VarK} (X)={\frac {\sqrt {\operatorname {Var} (X)}}{\operatorname {E} (X)}}={\frac {1}{\sqrt {\lambda }}}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schiefe_und_Wölbung"><span id="Schiefe_und_W.C3.B6lbung"></span>Schiefe und Wölbung</h3></div>
<p>Die <a href="Schiefe_(Statistik)" title="Schiefe (Statistik)">Schiefe</a> ergibt sich zu
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \operatorname {v} (X)={\frac {1}{\sqrt {\lambda }}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi mathvariant="normal">v</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msqrt>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</msqrt>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \operatorname {v} (X)={\frac {1}{\sqrt {\lambda }}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/75748a62fc83dc690b0907560f5c56a05b6a3a17.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:12.242ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \operatorname {v} (X)={\frac {1}{\sqrt {\lambda }}}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Die <a href="W%C3%B6lbung_(Statistik)" title="Wölbung (Statistik)">Wölbung</a> lässt sich ebenfalls geschlossen darstellen als
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta _{2}=3+{\frac {1}{\lambda }}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta _{2}=3+{\frac {1}{\lambda }}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b5258fe86ad0f090d49cca9e5afbf5b2d7c9cddb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:11.663ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta _{2}=3+{\frac {1}{\lambda }}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>und der <a href="W%C3%B6lbung_(Statistik)#Exzess" title="Wölbung (Statistik)">Exzess</a> als
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \gamma ={\frac {1}{\lambda }}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \gamma ={\frac {1}{\lambda }}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/266bcab1c6ab9dba3db2189b9b986901ac78b74c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:6.552ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \gamma ={\frac {1}{\lambda }}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Höhere_Momente"><span id="H.C3.B6here_Momente"></span>Höhere Momente</h3></div>
<p>Das <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span>-te <a href="Moment_(Stochastik)" title="Moment (Stochastik)">Moment</a> lässt sich als Polynom von Grad <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span> in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> angeben und ist das <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span>-te <a href="Bell-Polynom" title="Bell-Polynom">vollständige Bell-Polynom</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B_{k}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B_{k}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6a6457760e36cf45e1471e33bcc1536cb4802fb9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.853ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B_{k}}" loading="lazy"></span>, ausgewertet an den <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span> Stellen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span>:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{k}=B_{k}(\lambda ,\dots ,\lambda )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{k}=B_{k}(\lambda ,\dots ,\lambda )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c54d5b59d60b6361cfcb069651ea21b06f85de04.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.778ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{k}=B_{k}(\lambda ,\dots ,\lambda )}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kumulanten">Kumulanten</h3></div>
<p>Die <a href="Kumulantenerzeugende_Funktion" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumulantenerzeugende Funktion">kumulantenerzeugende Funktion</a> der Poisson-Verteilung ist
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g_{X}(t)=\lambda (e^{t}-1)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>g</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>X</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g_{X}(t)=\lambda (e^{t}-1)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/179c3898d94bb60510775505f4a22a660d343376.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:17.566ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g_{X}(t)=\lambda (e^{t}-1)}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Damit sind alle <a href="Kumulante" title="Kumulante">Kumulanten</a> gleich <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \kappa _{i}=\lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>κ<!-- κ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \kappa _{i}=\lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ccce50bb5c31624077ef98b1789b6407ef14d084.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.592ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \kappa _{i}=\lambda }" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charakteristische_Funktion">Charakteristische Funktion</h3></div>
<p>Die <a href="Charakteristische_Funktion_(Stochastik)" title="Charakteristische Funktion (Stochastik)">charakteristische Funktion</a> hat die Form
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi _{X}(s)=\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {i} ks}{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {\left(\lambda \,\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {i} s}\right)^{k}}{k!}}=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\mathrm {e} ^{\lambda \,\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {i} s}}=\mathrm {e} ^{\lambda \left(\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {i} s}-1\right)}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>X</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi _{X}(s)=\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {i} ks}{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {\left(\lambda \,\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {i} s}\right)^{k}}{k!}}=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\mathrm {e} ^{\lambda \,\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {i} s}}=\mathrm {e} ^{\lambda \left(\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {i} s}-1\right)}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5ddece574d4006579a0ae17b54d3461c0992f7f6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:64.217ex; height:8.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi _{X}(s)=\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {i} ks}{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {\left(\lambda \,\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {i} s}\right)^{k}}{k!}}=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\mathrm {e} ^{\lambda \,\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {i} s}}=\mathrm {e} ^{\lambda \left(\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {i} s}-1\right)}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wahrscheinlichkeitserzeugende_Funktion">Wahrscheinlichkeitserzeugende Funktion</h3></div>
<p>Für die <a href="Wahrscheinlichkeitserzeugende_Funktion" title="Wahrscheinlichkeitserzeugende Funktion">wahrscheinlichkeitserzeugende Funktion</a> erhält man
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{X}(s)=\mathrm {e} ^{\lambda (s-1)}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>X</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{X}(s)=\mathrm {e} ^{\lambda (s-1)}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d15478d48b1c148abebef1b9d775f515e4ebdc47.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.045ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{X}(s)=\mathrm {e} ^{\lambda (s-1)}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Momenterzeugende_Funktion">Momenterzeugende Funktion</h3></div>
<p>Die <a href="Momenterzeugende_Funktion" title="Momenterzeugende Funktion">momenterzeugende Funktion</a> der Poisson-Verteilung ist
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M_{X}(s)=\mathrm {e} ^{\lambda (\mathrm {e} ^{s}-1)}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>X</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M_{X}(s)=\mathrm {e} ^{\lambda (\mathrm {e} ^{s}-1)}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/174288816739cff463cf87daeee7c3d161bf5e56.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:17.655ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M_{X}(s)=\mathrm {e} ^{\lambda (\mathrm {e} ^{s}-1)}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reproduktivität"><span id="Reproduktivit.C3.A4t"></span>Reproduktivität</h3></div>
<p>Die Poisson-Verteilung ist <a href="Reproduktivit%C3%A4t" class="mw-redirect" title="Reproduktivität">reproduktiv</a>, d.&nbsp;h., die Summe <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X_{1}+X_{2}+\dotsb +X_{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X_{1}+X_{2}+\dotsb +X_{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f793d382eb4d72823cded44afe7cc3c9f501cd0e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:20.344ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X_{1}+X_{2}+\dotsb +X_{n}}" loading="lazy"></span> <a href="Stochastisch_unabh%C3%A4ngige_Zufallsvariablen" title="Stochastisch unabhängige Zufallsvariablen">stochastisch unabhängiger</a> Poisson-verteilter Zufallsvariablen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X_{1},X_{2},\dotsc ,X_{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X_{1},X_{2},\dotsc ,X_{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/29f695cbbfd7caccec825add6601fa8ec884f2ee.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:15.312ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X_{1},X_{2},\dotsc ,X_{n}}" loading="lazy"></span> mit den Parametern <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda _{1},\lambda _{2},\dotsc ,\lambda _{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda _{1},\lambda _{2},\dotsc ,\lambda _{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/dc5d9d56104267763ea8f4720972f6c4b188f44b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.605ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda _{1},\lambda _{2},\dotsc ,\lambda _{n}}" loading="lazy"></span> ist wieder Poisson-verteilt mit dem Parameter <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda _{1}+\lambda _{2}+\dotsb +\lambda _{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda _{1}+\lambda _{2}+\dotsb +\lambda _{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/23473501d4620d7bdd82033832eb7b4acd8f4491.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:18.637ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda _{1}+\lambda _{2}+\dotsb +\lambda _{n}}" loading="lazy"></span>. Für die <a href="Faltung_(Stochastik)" title="Faltung (Stochastik)">Faltung</a> gilt also
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \operatorname {Poi} (\lambda _{1})*\operatorname {Poi} (\lambda _{2})=\operatorname {Poi} (\lambda _{1}+\lambda _{2})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Poi</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
<mi>Poi</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>Poi</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \operatorname {Poi} (\lambda _{1})*\operatorname {Poi} (\lambda _{2})=\operatorname {Poi} (\lambda _{1}+\lambda _{2})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8703669ca267d35e6d80754f20ba5eab42f47a06.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:33.376ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \operatorname {Poi} (\lambda _{1})*\operatorname {Poi} (\lambda _{2})=\operatorname {Poi} (\lambda _{1}+\lambda _{2})}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Somit bilden die Poisson-Verteilungen eine <a href="Faltungshalbgruppe" title="Faltungshalbgruppe">Faltungshalbgruppe</a>.
Dieses Ergebnis folgt unmittelbar aus der <a href="Charakteristische_Funktion_(Stochastik)" title="Charakteristische Funktion (Stochastik)">charakteristischen Funktion</a> der Poisson-Verteilung und der Tatsache, dass die charakteristische Funktion einer Summe unabhängiger Zufallsvariablen das Produkt der charakteristischen Funktionen ist.
</p><p>Die Poisson-Verteilung ist also auch <a href="Unendliche_Teilbarkeit" title="Unendliche Teilbarkeit">unendlich teilbar</a>.
Nach einem Satz des <a href="Sowjetunion" title="Sowjetunion">sowjetischen</a> Mathematikers
<a href="Dmitri_Abramowitsch_Raikow" title="Dmitri Abramowitsch Raikow">Dmitri Abramowitsch Raikow</a> gilt auch die Umkehrung: Ist eine Poisson-verteilte Zufallsvariable <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>X</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/68baa052181f707c662844a465bfeeb135e82bab.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.98ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X}" loading="lazy"></span> die Summe von zwei unabhängigen Zufallsvariablen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X_{1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X_{1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f70b2694445a5901b24338a2e7a7e58f02a72a32.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.979ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X_{1}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2ad47c14b8a092f182512e76c96638aea6e3bea1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.979ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span>, dann sind die Summanden <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X_{1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X_{1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f70b2694445a5901b24338a2e7a7e58f02a72a32.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.979ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X_{1}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2ad47c14b8a092f182512e76c96638aea6e3bea1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.979ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> ebenfalls Poisson-verteilt. Eine Poisson-verteilte Zufallsvariable lässt sich also nur in Poisson-verteilte unabhängige Summanden zerlegen. Dieser Satz ist ein Analogon zu dem <a href="Satz_von_Cram%C3%A9r_(Normalverteilung)" title="Satz von Cramér (Normalverteilung)">Satz von Cramér</a> für die Normalverteilung.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ausdünnung"><span id="Ausd.C3.BCnnung"></span>Ausdünnung</h3></div>
<p>Häufig kommen stochastische Experimente vor, bei denen die Ereignisse eigentlich Poisson-verteilt sind, aber die Zählung nur erfolgt, wenn noch eine zusätzliche Bedingung erfüllt ist. Beispielsweise könnte die Anzahl der Eier, die ein Insekt legt, Poisson-verteilt sein, aber aus jedem Ei schlüpft nur mit einer bestimmten Wahrscheinlichkeit eine Larve. Ein Beobachter dieser Poisson-verteilten Zufallsvariable mit Parameter <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> zählt jedes Ereignis also nur mit einer Wahrscheinlichkeit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p<1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p&lt;1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f40fda4df30e9f9f3354c808cc122e5dadbc2d99.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:5.52ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p<1}" loading="lazy"></span> (unabhängig voneinander).
</p><p>Alternativ könnte aber auch ein Fehler bei der Zählung dazu führen, dass das Ereignis nicht registriert wird. Wenn also ursprünglich <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span> Ereignisse vorliegen, werden entsprechend der Binomial-Verteilung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B_{n,p}(r)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>p</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B_{n,p}(r)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0dbbb21de23edbf026f35489cb711ee4e1f7e3b1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:7.125ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B_{n,p}(r)}" loading="lazy"></span> nur <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>r</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0d1ecb613aa2984f0576f70f86650b7c2a132538.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r}" loading="lazy"></span> Ereignisse gezählt. In diesem Fall ist der wahre Wert <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span> unbekannt und variiert zwischen dem gemessenen Wert <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>r</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0d1ecb613aa2984f0576f70f86650b7c2a132538.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r}" loading="lazy"></span> (alle vorhandenen Ereignisse gesehen) und unendlich (es gab mehr Ereignisse, als gesehen wurden). Die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Messwertes <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>r</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0d1ecb613aa2984f0576f70f86650b7c2a132538.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r}" loading="lazy"></span> findet man dann mittels des Produktes der Wahrscheinlichkeit einer erfolgreichen Messung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B_{n,p}(r)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>p</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B_{n,p}(r)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0dbbb21de23edbf026f35489cb711ee4e1f7e3b1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:7.125ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B_{n,p}(r)}" loading="lazy"></span> und der ursprünglichen Poisson-Verteilung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(n)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(n)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4119ed602eb80fa2d1db44b2fba301d3deceb03b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.887ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(n)}" loading="lazy"></span>, summiert über alle möglichen Werte <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sum \limits _{n=r}^{\infty }B_{n,p}(r)P_{\lambda }(n)=P_{p\lambda }(r)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<munderover>
<mo movablelimits="false">∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>p</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>p</mi>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sum \limits _{n=r}^{\infty }B_{n,p}(r)P_{\lambda }(n)=P_{p\lambda }(r)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cc75fb89b95bd06e7d5cf102e6e4c7d460f6eb9f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:26.22ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sum \limits _{n=r}^{\infty }B_{n,p}(r)P_{\lambda }(n)=P_{p\lambda }(r)}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Die gefundenen Werte <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>r</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0d1ecb613aa2984f0576f70f86650b7c2a132538.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r}" loading="lazy"></span> bei Nachweiswahrscheinlichkeit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/81eac1e205430d1f40810df36a0edffdc367af36.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.259ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p}" loading="lazy"></span> sind also wieder Poisson-verteilt. Die Nachweiswahrscheinlichkeit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/81eac1e205430d1f40810df36a0edffdc367af36.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.259ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p}" loading="lazy"></span> reduziert den Parameter <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> der ursprünglichen Poisson-Verteilung zu <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p\lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p\lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0f56126821e9a9316f3e416ba9255706a6076c8b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:2.614ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p\lambda }" loading="lazy"></span>. Dies bezeichnet man auch als Ausdünnung der Poisson-Verteilung.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Berechnung">Berechnung</h3></div>
<p>Die Berechnung von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(k)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(k)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c1be3341e1869ded62e248925b15e49d00c3fa58.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.703ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(k)}" loading="lazy"></span> kann folgendermaßen rekursiv erfolgen. Zuerst bestimmt man <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(0)=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(0)=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f69bf80ad4f59cebc5a37c2a85c97bc5ed814739.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.255ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(0)=\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }}" loading="lazy"></span>, dann ergeben sich nacheinander <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(k)={\tfrac {\lambda }{k}}\cdot P_{\lambda }(k-1),(k=1,2,3,\dotsc )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mi>k</mi>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(k)={\tfrac {\lambda }{k}}\cdot P_{\lambda }(k-1),(k=1,2,3,\dotsc )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a90dcec9658793c7170cf2680c8f9732cc5959e9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:38.447ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(k)={\tfrac {\lambda }{k}}\cdot P_{\lambda }(k-1),(k=1,2,3,\dotsc )}" loading="lazy"></span>. Mit wachsendem <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span> werden dabei die Wahrscheinlichkeiten größer, solange <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k<\lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k&lt;\lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3b5b8b76bbe3957bf307f1326efa5fc5ce1a6b9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.665ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k<\lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> ist. Wird <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k>\lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>&gt;</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k&gt;\lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/742e63b225929c7a5308e04ced23c1bbe65f43b2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.665ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k>\lambda }" loading="lazy"></span>, schrumpfen sie. Der <a href="Modus_(Stochastik)" title="Modus (Stochastik)">Modus</a>, also der Wert mit der größten Wahrscheinlichkeit, beträgt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k_{\mathrm {Modus} }=\lfloor \lambda \rfloor }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⌊<!-- ⌊ --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⌋<!-- ⌋ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k_{\mathrm {Modus} }=\lfloor \lambda \rfloor }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5ddfdcadb34f0258d60c0777e7cc722bf67d6e3a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.767ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k_{\mathrm {Modus} }=\lfloor \lambda \rfloor }" loading="lazy"></span>, wenn <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> nicht ganzzahlig ist, anderenfalls gibt es zwei benachbarte <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k_{\text{Modus}}=\lambda ,\lambda -1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>Modus</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k_{\text{Modus}}=\lambda ,\lambda -1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6d1e5b998fdfffa38a6562b5685535153648d8a5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:17.094ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k_{\text{Modus}}=\lambda ,\lambda -1}" loading="lazy"></span> (siehe Diagramm rechts oben).
</p><p>Falls die Berechnung von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2a1a788291c4115729eb19b0344e39261cf5d104.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:7.169ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }}" loading="lazy"></span> wegen zu großer Werte von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span> Probleme bereitet, dann kann folgende mit der <a href="Stirlingformel" title="Stirlingformel">Stirlingformel</a> erhaltene Näherung weiterhelfen:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {e} ^{k(1+\ln(\lambda /k))-\lambda }}{\sqrt {2\pi (k+1/6)}}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msqrt>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</msqrt>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {e} ^{k(1+\ln(\lambda /k))-\lambda }}{\sqrt {2\pi (k+1/6)}}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0c0491393590b83a67385d1327455466fbe9ee4e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:15.649ex; height:7.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {e} ^{k(1+\ln(\lambda /k))-\lambda }}{\sqrt {2\pi (k+1/6)}}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Poisson-verteilte <a href="Zufallszahl" title="Zufallszahl">Zufallszahlen</a> werden üblicherweise mit Hilfe der <a href="Inversionsmethode" title="Inversionsmethode">Inversionsmethode</a> erzeugt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parameterschätzung"><span id="Parametersch.C3.A4tzung"></span>Parameterschätzung</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maximum-Likelihood-Schätzer"><span id="Maximum-Likelihood-Sch.C3.A4tzer"></span>Maximum-Likelihood-Schätzer</h3></div>
<p>Aus einer Stichprobe von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>N</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f5e3890c981ae85503089652feb48b191b57aae3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.064ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N}" loading="lazy"></span> Beobachtungen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n_{i}\in \{0,1,2,\dotsc \}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>n</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n_{i}\in \{0,1,2,\dotsc \}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3e7fe89a5b74abc64846ee79db03c550b9ed1575.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.672ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n_{i}\in \{0,1,2,\dotsc \}}" loading="lazy"></span> für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i=1,\dotsc ,N}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>N</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i=1,\dotsc ,N}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ba3f80f1c5990021507cb3fae26bfb45c08aed4c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:12.305ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i=1,\dotsc ,N}" loading="lazy"></span> soll der Parameter <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> der Poisson-verteilten <a href="Grundgesamtheit" title="Grundgesamtheit">Grundgesamtheit</a> geschätzt werden. Der <a href="Maximum-Likelihood-Methode" title="Maximum-Likelihood-Methode">Maximum-Likelihood</a>-Schätzer ist gegeben durch das <a href="Arithmetisches_Mittel" title="Arithmetisches Mittel">arithmetische Mittel</a>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {\lambda }}={\frac {1}{N}}\sum _{i=1}^{N}n_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>N</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>N</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<msub>
<mi>n</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {\lambda }}={\frac {1}{N}}\sum _{i=1}^{N}n_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7a1fdadec512d8ba832b0fdc692c18468426f727.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:13.677ex; height:7.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {\lambda }}={\frac {1}{N}}\sum _{i=1}^{N}n_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Der Maximum-Likelihood-Schätzer ist ein <a href="Erwartungstreue" title="Erwartungstreue">erwartungstreuer</a>, <a href="Effizienz_(Statistik)" title="Effizienz (Statistik)">effizienter</a> und <a href="Suffiziente_Statistik" title="Suffiziente Statistik">suffizienter</a> Schätzer für den Parameter <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konfidenzintervall">Konfidenzintervall</h3></div>
<p>Das <a href="Konfidenzintervall" title="Konfidenzintervall">Konfidenzintervall</a> für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> erhält man aus der Beziehung zwischen Poisson- und <a href="Chi-Quadrat-Verteilung" title="Chi-Quadrat-Verteilung">Chi-Quadrat-Verteilung</a>. Liegt ein Stichprobenwert <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span> vor, dann ist ein Konfidenzintervall für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> zum Konfidenzniveau <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1-\alpha }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1-\alpha }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9afa7876fb8b4fb8c4d8039ebed6cd1cbc4781cd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:5.49ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1-\alpha }" loading="lazy"></span> gegeben durch
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}\chi ^{2}(\alpha /2;2n)\leq \lambda \leq {\tfrac {1}{2}}\chi ^{2}(1-\alpha /2;2n+2)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>;</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>;</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}\chi ^{2}(\alpha /2;2n)\leq \lambda \leq {\tfrac {1}{2}}\chi ^{2}(1-\alpha /2;2n+2)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/995a4366694dc362d74a577d4a959540ea1949a5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:42.319ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}\chi ^{2}(\alpha /2;2n)\leq \lambda \leq {\tfrac {1}{2}}\chi ^{2}(1-\alpha /2;2n+2)}" loading="lazy"></span>,</dd></dl>
<p>wobei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \chi ^{2}(p;i)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \chi ^{2}(p;i)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7ee0e15c06ca26e007c55fe0724b916e5c5495dd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.324ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \chi ^{2}(p;i)}" loading="lazy"></span> die <a href="Quantilfunktion" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantilfunktion">Quantilfunktion</a> der Chi-Quadrat-Verteilung mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>i</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/add78d8608ad86e54951b8c8bd6c8d8416533d20.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.802ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i}" loading="lazy"></span> <a href="Anzahl_der_Freiheitsgrade_(Statistik)" title="Anzahl der Freiheitsgrade (Statistik)">Freiheitsgraden</a> bezeichnet.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prognoseintervall">Prognoseintervall</h3></div>
<p>Das <a href="Prognoseintervall" title="Prognoseintervall">Prognoseintervall</a> hat die Aufgabe, vor dem Ziehen einer Stichprobe einen Bereich vorherzusagen, in dem man die Realisierung einer <a href="Sch%C3%A4tzfunktion" title="Schätzfunktion">Schätzfunktion</a> mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit findet.
Die Anzahl <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n_{\text{up}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>n</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>up</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n_{\text{up}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fc77966e512dfb10adf9861db9a21d86d623aa00.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.455ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n_{\text{up}}}" loading="lazy"></span> Poisson-verteilter Ereignisse, die mit vorgegebener Wahrscheinlichkeit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p<1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p&lt;1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f40fda4df30e9f9f3354c808cc122e5dadbc2d99.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:5.52ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p<1}" loading="lazy"></span> nicht überschritten wird, lässt sich aus der <a href="Umkehrfunktion" title="Umkehrfunktion">Inversion</a> der <a href="#Verteilungsfunktion">Verteilungsfunktion</a> berechnen:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n_{\text{up}}=F_{\lambda }^{-1}(p).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>n</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>up</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>F</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n_{\text{up}}=F_{\lambda }^{-1}(p).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cb6a9eba9618e805e74034a5a051072cf996509e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:14.326ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n_{\text{up}}=F_{\lambda }^{-1}(p).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Dabei lässt sich wieder <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F_{\lambda }(n)=p}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>F</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>p</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F_{\lambda }(n)=p}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/025a00ebfdaebc417dac05522d36a5e6e7aa1cac.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.157ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F_{\lambda }(n)=p}" loading="lazy"></span> durch die regularisierte Gammafunktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q(n+1,\lambda )=p}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Q</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>p</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q(n+1,\lambda )=p}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/adddd4a58027f3854f9c83dd9a5e975405e01f50.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.702ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q(n+1,\lambda )=p}" loading="lazy"></span> ausdrücken. Eine elementare Form der Inversion der Verteilungsfunktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F_{\lambda }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>F</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F_{\lambda }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/67c8d3cfdc1237443917cc1c1021e3ac6535d5bb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.685ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F_{\lambda }}" loading="lazy"></span> oder der Gammafunktion ist nicht bekannt. Gute Dienste leistet in diesem Fall eine zweispaltige <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (n,F_{\lambda }(n)=p)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>F</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (n,F_{\lambda }(n)=p)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/29032bb86d364429446700a0c3993a947c5301be.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.395ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (n,F_{\lambda }(n)=p)}" loading="lazy"></span> Wertetabelle, die leicht mit der oben im Abschnitt Verteilungsfunktion angegebenen Summe berechenbar ist und zeigt, welche Wahrscheinlichkeiten bestimmten Werten von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span> zugeordnet sind.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beziehung_zu_anderen_Verteilungen">Beziehung zu anderen Verteilungen</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beziehung_zur_Binomialverteilung">Beziehung zur Binomialverteilung</h3></div>
<div class="hauptartikel" role="navigation"><span class="hauptartikel-pfeil" title="siehe" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">→&nbsp;</span><i><span class="hauptartikel-text">Hauptartikel</span>: <a href="Poisson-Approximation" title="Poisson-Approximation">Poisson-Approximation</a></i></div>
<p>Ebenso wie die <a href="Binomialverteilung" title="Binomialverteilung">Binomialverteilung</a> sagt die Poisson-Verteilung das zu erwartende Ergebnis einer Serie von <a href="Bernoulli-Experiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernoulli-Experiment">Bernoulli-Experimenten</a> voraus. Letzteres sind <a href="Zufallsexperiment" title="Zufallsexperiment">Zufallsexperimente</a>, die nur zwei mögliche Ergebnisse kennen (zum Beispiel „Erfolg“ und „Misserfolg“), also einen <a href="Dichotomie" title="Dichotomie">dichotomen</a> <a href="Wahrscheinlichkeitsraum" title="Wahrscheinlichkeitsraum">Ereignisraum</a> besitzen. Wird das zeitliche oder räumliche Beobachtungsintervall immer weiter unterteilt, erhöht sich damit die Zahl der Versuche <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (n\to \infty )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (n\to \infty )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a28e3742bd2b24c3d2e974f50990004b8ba98fbe.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.142ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (n\to \infty )}" loading="lazy"></span>. Die fortschreitende Unterteilung bedingt eine Abnahme der Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (p\to 0)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (p\to 0)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8f3ab530096ee0b5596ce6c15792c7d1d21b8dfa.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.755ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (p\to 0)}" loading="lazy"></span> derart, dass das Produkt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n\cdot p}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>p</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n\cdot p}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6a852621ffdac3ac71930e9b0760de2aa6d2f5b7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.243ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n\cdot p}" loading="lazy"></span> gegen einen endlichen Grenzwert <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> <a href="Grenzwert_(Folge)" title="Grenzwert (Folge)">konvergiert</a>. Dementsprechend nähert sich die binomiale Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung der mathematisch etwas einfacheren Poisson-Verteilung an.
</p><p>Die Poisson-Verteilung lässt sich aus der Binomialverteilung herleiten. Sie ist die Grenzverteilung der Binomialverteilung bei sehr kleinen Anteilen der interessierenden Merkmale und sehr großem Stichprobenumfang: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n\rightarrow \infty }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n\rightarrow \infty }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9702f04f2d0e5b887b99faeeffb0c4cfd8263eee.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.333ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n\rightarrow \infty }" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p\rightarrow 0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p\rightarrow 0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b22e859c7c876b54a5fb16384c0db499bbc71070.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:6.035ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p\rightarrow 0}" loading="lazy"></span> unter der Nebenbedingung, dass das Produkt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle np=\lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle np=\lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a1c9cd47d11beda674494cac89e8948860c8886b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.018ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle np=\lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> einen Wert annimmt, der weder null noch unendlich ist. <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> ist dann für alle in der Grenzwertbildung betrachteten Binomialverteilungen wie auch für die resultierende Poisson-Verteilung der Erwartungswert.
</p><p>Aus der <a href="Poisson-Approximation" title="Poisson-Approximation">Poisson-Approximation</a> folgt, dass der Wert einer Poisson-verteilten Zufallsvariable an der Stelle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span> der <a href="Grenzwert_(Funktion)" title="Grenzwert (Funktion)">Grenzwert</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n\to \infty }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n\to \infty }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a0d55d9b32f6fa8fab6a84ea444a6b5a24bb45e1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.333ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n\to \infty }" loading="lazy"></span> einer <a href="Binomialverteilung" title="Binomialverteilung">Binomialverteilung</a> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p={\tfrac {\lambda }{n}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mi>n</mi>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p={\tfrac {\lambda }{n}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5f3276cde976f199df72edd484f96b901f95a5df.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:6.18ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p={\tfrac {\lambda }{n}}}" loading="lazy"></span> an der Stelle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span> ist:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\lim _{n\to \infty }B(k\mid p,n)&amp;=\lim _{n\to \infty }{\binom {n}{k}}p^{k}(1-p)^{n-k}\\&amp;=\lim _{n\to \infty }{\frac {n!}{k!\,(n-k)!}}\left({\frac {\lambda }{n}}\right)^{k}\left(1-{\frac {\lambda }{n}}\right)^{n-k}\\&amp;=\lim _{n\to \infty }\left({\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\right)\left({\frac {n(n-1)(n-2)\cdots (n-k+1)}{n^{k}}}\right)\left(1-{\frac {\lambda }{n}}\right)^{n}\left(1-{\frac {\lambda }{n}}\right)^{-k}\\&amp;={\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\cdot \lim _{n\to \infty }\left({\frac {n}{n}}\cdot {\frac {n-1}{n}}\cdot {\frac {n-2}{n}}\cdot \ldots \cdot {\frac {n-k+1}{n}}\right)\cdot \lim _{n\to \infty }\left(1-{\frac {\lambda }{n}}\right)^{n}\cdot \lim _{n\to \infty }\left(1-{\frac {\lambda }{n}}\right)^{-k}\\&amp;={\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\cdot 1\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\cdot 1\\&amp;={\frac {\lambda ^{k}\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }}{k!}}\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo>
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<mi>n</mi>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
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<mi>B</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>∣<!-- ∣ --></mo>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
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</msup>
<mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
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<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
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<mtr>
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<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
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<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
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<mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
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</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\lim _{n\to \infty }B(k\mid p,n)&amp;=\lim _{n\to \infty }{\binom {n}{k}}p^{k}(1-p)^{n-k}\\&amp;=\lim _{n\to \infty }{\frac {n!}{k!\,(n-k)!}}\left({\frac {\lambda }{n}}\right)^{k}\left(1-{\frac {\lambda }{n}}\right)^{n-k}\\&amp;=\lim _{n\to \infty }\left({\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\right)\left({\frac {n(n-1)(n-2)\cdots (n-k+1)}{n^{k}}}\right)\left(1-{\frac {\lambda }{n}}\right)^{n}\left(1-{\frac {\lambda }{n}}\right)^{-k}\\&amp;={\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\cdot \lim _{n\to \infty }\left({\frac {n}{n}}\cdot {\frac {n-1}{n}}\cdot {\frac {n-2}{n}}\cdot \ldots \cdot {\frac {n-k+1}{n}}\right)\cdot \lim _{n\to \infty }\left(1-{\frac {\lambda }{n}}\right)^{n}\cdot \lim _{n\to \infty }\left(1-{\frac {\lambda }{n}}\right)^{-k}\\&amp;={\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\cdot 1\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\cdot 1\\&amp;={\frac {\lambda ^{k}\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }}{k!}}\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6cfa4d83a419bb497da28ea1ece6372257debddb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -18.451ex; margin-bottom: -0.22ex; width:101.865ex; height:38.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\lim _{n\to \infty }B(k\mid p,n)&amp;=\lim _{n\to \infty }{\binom {n}{k}}p^{k}(1-p)^{n-k}\\&amp;=\lim _{n\to \infty }{\frac {n!}{k!\,(n-k)!}}\left({\frac {\lambda }{n}}\right)^{k}\left(1-{\frac {\lambda }{n}}\right)^{n-k}\\&amp;=\lim _{n\to \infty }\left({\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\right)\left({\frac {n(n-1)(n-2)\cdots (n-k+1)}{n^{k}}}\right)\left(1-{\frac {\lambda }{n}}\right)^{n}\left(1-{\frac {\lambda }{n}}\right)^{-k}\\&amp;={\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\cdot \lim _{n\to \infty }\left({\frac {n}{n}}\cdot {\frac {n-1}{n}}\cdot {\frac {n-2}{n}}\cdot \ldots \cdot {\frac {n-k+1}{n}}\right)\cdot \lim _{n\to \infty }\left(1-{\frac {\lambda }{n}}\right)^{n}\cdot \lim _{n\to \infty }\left(1-{\frac {\lambda }{n}}\right)^{-k}\\&amp;={\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}}\cdot 1\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }\cdot 1\\&amp;={\frac {\lambda ^{k}\mathrm {e} ^{-\lambda }}{k!}}\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Sowohl die Poisson-Verteilung als auch die Binomialverteilung sind Spezialfälle der <a href="Panjer-Verteilung" title="Panjer-Verteilung">Panjer-Verteilung</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beziehung_zur_verallgemeinerten_Binomialverteilung">Beziehung zur verallgemeinerten Binomialverteilung</h3></div>
<p>Auch die <a href="Verallgemeinerte_Binomialverteilung" title="Verallgemeinerte Binomialverteilung">verallgemeinerte Binomialverteilung</a> kann für große Stichproben und kleine Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeiten mittels der <a href="Poisson-Approximation" title="Poisson-Approximation">Poisson-Approximation</a> angenähert werden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beziehung_zur_Normalverteilung">Beziehung zur Normalverteilung</h3></div>

<p>Die Poisson-Verteilung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/330591f9b6fffc93ca78514576fd0d8cfac6f0c7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.683ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }}" loading="lazy"></span> hat für kleine Werte von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> eine stark asymmetrische Gestalt. Für größer werdendes <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> wird <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/330591f9b6fffc93ca78514576fd0d8cfac6f0c7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.683ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }}" loading="lazy"></span> symmetrischer und ähnelt ab etwa <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda =30}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>30</mn>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda =30}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f1ecdf59622912a79c6f5783ee68522d7ee25453.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.779ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda =30}" loading="lazy"></span> einer gaußschen <a href="Normalverteilung" title="Normalverteilung">Normalverteilung</a> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu =\lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu =\lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/29c3f5ceae83a5ff1133cf5d3a55630554cd05ed.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.855ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu =\lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma ^{2}=\lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma ^{2}=\lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/86f2c11aef7ecaa191e8abc990a912b724b2a66a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.838ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma ^{2}=\lambda }" loading="lazy"></span>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(k)\approx {\frac {1}{\sqrt {2\pi \lambda }}}\exp \left(-{\frac {(k-\lambda )^{2}}{2\lambda }}\right).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≈<!-- ≈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msqrt>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</msqrt>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>exp</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(k)\approx {\frac {1}{\sqrt {2\pi \lambda }}}\exp \left(-{\frac {(k-\lambda )^{2}}{2\lambda }}\right).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a048916a94e8bffbd99b649ad9c19b55f8e63e53.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:34.606ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(k)\approx {\frac {1}{\sqrt {2\pi \lambda }}}\exp \left(-{\frac {(k-\lambda )^{2}}{2\lambda }}\right).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beziehung_zur_Erlang-Verteilung">Beziehung zur Erlang-Verteilung</h3></div>
<ul><li>In einem <a href="Poisson-Prozess" title="Poisson-Prozess">Poisson-Prozess</a> genügt die zufällige Anzahl der Ereignisse in einem festgelegten Intervall der Poisson-Verteilung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/330591f9b6fffc93ca78514576fd0d8cfac6f0c7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.683ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }}" loading="lazy"></span>. Der zufällige Abstand (Strecke oder Zeit) bis zum Eintreffen des <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span>-ten Ereignisses sowie der Abstand zwischen den Ereignissen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>m</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0a07d98bb302f3856cbabc47b2b9016692e3f7bc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.04ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m+n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m+n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/88528fefcfac1b22d2df9b71d0f4fc9e758f65ad.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:6.276ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m+n}" loading="lazy"></span> sind hingegen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \operatorname {Erl} (g,n)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Erl</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \operatorname {Erl} (g,n)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2ee1bdba7bf22248ea44c4ae17888e73c7c79e9a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.495ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \operatorname {Erl} (g,n)}" loading="lazy"></span>-<a href="Erlang-Verteilung" title="Erlang-Verteilung">Erlang-verteilt</a>. Man sagt auch, dass die Poisson-Verteilung und die Erlang-Verteilung zueinander <a href="A-priori-Verteilung" class="mw-redirect" title="A-priori-Verteilung">konjugierte</a> Verteilungen sind. Im Fall <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n=1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n=1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d9ec7e1edc2e6d98f5aec2a39ae5f1c99d1e1425.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.656ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n=1}" loading="lazy"></span> geht diese Erlang-Verteilung in eine <a href="Exponentialverteilung" title="Exponentialverteilung">Exponentialverteilung</a> über (<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \operatorname {Erl} (g,1)=\operatorname {Exp} (g)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Erl</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>Exp</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \operatorname {Erl} (g,1)=\operatorname {Exp} (g)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/48f03a88d50e13d9c94cdd7c768dd48c63928a0c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.39ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \operatorname {Erl} (g,1)=\operatorname {Exp} (g)}" loading="lazy"></span>). Dabei bezeichnet <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span> die Zahl der erwarteten Ereignisse pro Einheitsintervall. <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g\,\mathrm {e} ^{-gx}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>g</mi>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g\,\mathrm {e} ^{-gx}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87b67c0a9b733f362b69c65903c30615774df848.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.776ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g\,\mathrm {e} ^{-gx}}" loading="lazy"></span> ist dann die Verteilungsdichte des Abstands <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span>, der bis zum Eintreffen des nächsten Ereignisses vergehen wird, wie auch des Abstandes zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgen Ereignissen.</li>
<li>Für die Verteilungsfunktionen der <a href="Erlang-Verteilung" title="Erlang-Verteilung">Erlang-Verteilung</a> und der Poisson-Verteilung gilt</li></ul>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F_{\text{Erlang}}(n+1)+F_{\text{Poisson}}(n)=1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>F</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>Erlang</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>F</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>Poisson</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F_{\text{Erlang}}(n+1)+F_{\text{Poisson}}(n)=1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/974a01222044dafa78adc2d652d0ff0b53c26d76.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:31.175ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F_{\text{Erlang}}(n+1)+F_{\text{Poisson}}(n)=1}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beziehung_zur_Chi-Quadrat-Verteilung">Beziehung zur Chi-Quadrat-Verteilung</h3></div>
<p>Die Verteilungsfunktionen der Poisson-Verteilung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F_{\lambda }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>F</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F_{\lambda }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/67c8d3cfdc1237443917cc1c1021e3ac6535d5bb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.685ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F_{\lambda }}" loading="lazy"></span> und der <a href="Chi-Quadrat-Verteilung" title="Chi-Quadrat-Verteilung">Chi-Quadrat-Verteilung</a> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>m</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0a07d98bb302f3856cbabc47b2b9016692e3f7bc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.04ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m}" loading="lazy"></span> Freiheitsgraden <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F_{m}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>F</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F_{m}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/afc15d41d3176d0fb9b4474762c53d49add76fbf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.17ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F_{m}}" loading="lazy"></span> hängen auf folgende Weise zusammen:
</p><p>Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span> oder mehr Ereignisse in einem Intervall zu finden, innerhalb dessen man im Mittel <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> Ereignisse erwartet, ist gleich der Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass der Wert von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \chi _{2n}^{2}\leq 2\lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \chi _{2n}^{2}\leq 2\lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b14540efa9f4c2d0e180e789d6c2f2fa07e2e953.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:9.112ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \chi _{2n}^{2}\leq 2\lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> ist. Es gilt also
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1-F_{\lambda }(n-1)=F_{2n}(2\lambda )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>F</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>F</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1-F_{\lambda }(n-1)=F_{2n}(2\lambda )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ebcda9f2f8ead183ef2c464dceb77c3c32f36417.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:24.855ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1-F_{\lambda }(n-1)=F_{2n}(2\lambda )}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Dies folgt aus <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1-Q(n,\lambda )=P(n,\lambda )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>Q</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1-Q(n,\lambda )=P(n,\lambda )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f741890c566e0005f7e987e49cd68e5ff69efc07.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.871ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1-Q(n,\lambda )=P(n,\lambda )}" loading="lazy"></span> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>P</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b4dc73bf40314945ff376bd363916a738548d40a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.745ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Q</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8752c7023b4b3286800fe3238271bbca681219ed.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.838ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q}" loading="lazy"></span> als regularisierte <a href="Gammafunktion#Unvollständige_Gammafunktion" title="Gammafunktion">Gammafunktionen</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beziehung_zur_Skellam-Verteilung">Beziehung zur Skellam-Verteilung</h3></div>
<p>Dagegen ist die Differenz <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X_{1}-X_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X_{1}-X_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8aae9933bfe28bdfdb5a31bae029923516d9264e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.797ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X_{1}-X_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> zweier <a href="Stochastisch_unabh%C3%A4ngige_Zufallsvariablen" title="Stochastisch unabhängige Zufallsvariablen">stochastisch unabhängiger</a> Poisson-verteilter Zufallsvariablen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X_{1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X_{1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f70b2694445a5901b24338a2e7a7e58f02a72a32.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.979ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X_{1}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2ad47c14b8a092f182512e76c96638aea6e3bea1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.979ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> mit den Parametern <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda _{1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda _{1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/571a423bece8f29bcd1b48572f18dd4f6213dce2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.409ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda _{1}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda _{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda _{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6b668a1bd1e8ab9452ca975b7497546e7c1ba187.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.409ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda _{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> nicht wieder Poisson-verteilt, sondern Skellam-verteilt.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es gilt:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda _{1},\lambda _{2}}(X_{1}-X_{2}=k)=\mathrm {e} ^{-(\lambda _{1}+\lambda _{2})}\left({\frac {\lambda _{1}}{\lambda _{2}}}\right)^{k/2}I_{k}(2{\sqrt {\lambda _{1}\lambda _{2}}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{\lambda _{1},\lambda _{2}}(X_{1}-X_{2}=k)=\mathrm {e} ^{-(\lambda _{1}+\lambda _{2})}\left({\frac {\lambda _{1}}{\lambda _{2}}}\right)^{k/2}I_{k}(2{\sqrt {\lambda _{1}\lambda _{2}}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0a3bafa29e5a647f483f838280746ab7fd5f2721.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:54.083ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda _{1},\lambda _{2}}(X_{1}-X_{2}=k)=\mathrm {e} ^{-(\lambda _{1}+\lambda _{2})}\left({\frac {\lambda _{1}}{\lambda _{2}}}\right)^{k/2}I_{k}(2{\sqrt {\lambda _{1}\lambda _{2}}})}" loading="lazy"></span>,</dd></dl>
<p>wobei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{k}(z)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{k}(z)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/330bf1798898b3c37bdff6dd3564350ab51a5103.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.009ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{k}(z)}" loading="lazy"></span> die <a href="Bessel-Funktion#Modifizierte_Bessel-Funktionen:_Iν,_Kν" title="Bessel-Funktion">modifizierte Bessel-Funktion</a> bezeichnet.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weitere_Poisson-Verteilungen">Weitere Poisson-Verteilungen</h2></div>
<p>Einige weitere Verteilungen tragen teilweise den Namen „Poisson“ und sind Verallgemeinerungen der hier beschriebenen Poisson-Verteilung:
</p>
<ul><li>Die <b>positive Poisson-Verteilung</b> ist eine bei Eins nach unten gestutzte Poissonverteilung mit den Einzelwahrscheinlichkeiten</li></ul>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(k)={\frac {1}{\mathrm {e} ^{\lambda }-1}}{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}},\quad k\in \mathbb {N} \;.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(k)={\frac {1}{\mathrm {e} ^{\lambda }-1}}{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}},\quad k\in \mathbb {N} \;.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9a22b7314871c056015ebe3f058dc11ed22d446f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:29.522ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{\lambda }(k)={\frac {1}{\mathrm {e} ^{\lambda }-1}}{\frac {\lambda ^{k}}{k!}},\quad k\in \mathbb {N} \;.}" loading="lazy"></span><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<ul><li>Die <a href="Verallgemeinerte_Poisson-Verteilung" title="Verallgemeinerte Poisson-Verteilung">verallgemeinerte Poisson-Verteilung</a> ist eine diskrete Verteilung mit zwei Formparametern. Setzt man einen von ihnen gleich Null, ergibt sich wieder die gewöhnliche Poisson-Verteilung.</li>
<li>Die <a href="Gemischte_Poisson-Verteilung" title="Gemischte Poisson-Verteilung">gemischte Poisson-Verteilung</a> kombiniert die Poisson-Verteilung mit einer weiteren <a href="Wahrscheinlichkeitsdichte" class="mw-redirect" title="Wahrscheinlichkeitsdichte">Wahrscheinlichkeitsdichte</a>.</li>
<li>Die <a href="Poisson-Gamma-Verteilung" class="mw-redirect" title="Poisson-Gamma-Verteilung">Poisson-Gamma-Verteilung</a> entsteht bei Kombination mit der Gamma-Verteilung. Sie entspricht der <a href="Negative_Binomialverteilung" title="Negative Binomialverteilung">negativen Binomialverteilung</a>.</li>
<li>Eine weitere Verallgemeinerung ist die <a href="Zusammengesetzte_Poisson-Verteilung" title="Zusammengesetzte Poisson-Verteilung">zusammengesetzte Poisson-Verteilung</a>. Sie entsteht, wenn man eine Summe <a href="Unabh%C3%A4ngig_und_identisch_verteilte_Zufallsvariablen" title="Unabhängig und identisch verteilte Zufallsvariablen">unabhängig und identisch verteilter Zufallsvariablen</a> bildet und die Anzahl der Summanden Poisson-verteilt ist. Im Gegensatz zu den meisten Verteilungen ist bei dieser Verteilung nicht festgelegt, ob sie stetig oder diskret ist. Sind die aufsummierten Zufallsvariablen <a href="Logarithmische_Verteilung" title="Logarithmische Verteilung">logarithmisch verteilt</a>, so erhält man die <a href="Negative_Binomialverteilung" title="Negative Binomialverteilung">negative Binomialverteilung</a> und als einen Spezialfall davon auch die <a href="Geometrische_Verteilung" title="Geometrische Verteilung">geometrische Verteilung</a>.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Freie_Poisson-Verteilung">Freie Poisson-Verteilung</h2></div>
<div class="hauptartikel" role="navigation"><span class="hauptartikel-pfeil" title="siehe" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">→&nbsp;</span><i><span class="hauptartikel-text">Hauptartikel</span>: <a href="Freie_Poisson-Verteilung" title="Freie Poisson-Verteilung">Freie Poisson-Verteilung</a></i></div>
<p>In der <a href="Freie_Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie" title="Freie Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie">freien Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie</a> gibt es ein freies Analogon zur Poisson-Verteilung, die
<a href="Freie_Poisson-Verteilung" title="Freie Poisson-Verteilung">freie Poisson-Verteilung</a>. Sie wird in <a href="Analogismus" title="Analogismus">Analogie</a> zu einem entsprechenden <a href="Grenzwerts%C3%A4tze_der_Stochastik" title="Grenzwertsätze der Stochastik">Grenzwertsatz</a> für die Poisson-Verteilung als der <a href="Grenzwert_(Folge)" title="Grenzwert (Folge)">Grenzwert</a> der <a href="Iteration" title="Iteration">iterierten</a> <a href="Freie_Faltung" title="Freie Faltung">freien Faltung</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left(\left(1-{\frac {\lambda }{N}}\right)\delta _{0}+{\frac {\lambda }{N}}\delta _{\alpha }\right)^{\boxplus N}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mi>N</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mi>N</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>⊞<!-- ⊞ --></mo>
<mi>N</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left(\left(1-{\frac {\lambda }{N}}\right)\delta _{0}+{\frac {\lambda }{N}}\delta _{\alpha }\right)^{\boxplus N}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/347f43443ec8f033d16f84eebd4b79fdfa12a591.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:27.245ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left(\left(1-{\frac {\lambda }{N}}\right)\delta _{0}+{\frac {\lambda }{N}}\delta _{\alpha }\right)^{\boxplus N}}" loading="lazy"></span> für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N\to \infty }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>N</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N\to \infty }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e23159ea0d291e21c5709a6dd7486bed7f18febe.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:8.001ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N\to \infty }" loading="lazy"></span> definiert.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zweidimensionale_Poisson-Verteilung">Zweidimensionale Poisson-Verteilung</h2></div>
<p>Die zweidimensionale Poisson-Verteilung, auch bivariate Poisson-Verteilung<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wird definiert durch
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P(X_{1}=k_{1},X_{2}=k_{2})=\exp \left(-\lambda _{1}-\lambda _{2}-\lambda _{3}\right){\frac {\lambda _{1}^{k_{1}}}{k_{1}!}}{\frac {\lambda _{2}^{k_{2}}}{k_{2}!}}\sum _{k=0}^{\min(k_{1},k_{2})}{\binom {k_{1}}{k}}{\binom {k_{2}}{k}}k!\left({\frac {\lambda _{3}}{\lambda _{1}\lambda _{2}}}\right)^{k}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>P</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>exp</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msubsup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msubsup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">min</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OPEN">
<mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em">(</mo>
</mrow>
<mfrac linethickness="0">
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>k</mi>
</mfrac>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-CLOSE">
<mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OPEN">
<mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em">(</mo>
</mrow>
<mfrac linethickness="0">
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>k</mi>
</mfrac>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-CLOSE">
<mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>!</mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P(X_{1}=k_{1},X_{2}=k_{2})=\exp \left(-\lambda _{1}-\lambda _{2}-\lambda _{3}\right){\frac {\lambda _{1}^{k_{1}}}{k_{1}!}}{\frac {\lambda _{2}^{k_{2}}}{k_{2}!}}\sum _{k=0}^{\min(k_{1},k_{2})}{\binom {k_{1}}{k}}{\binom {k_{2}}{k}}k!\left({\frac {\lambda _{3}}{\lambda _{1}\lambda _{2}}}\right)^{k}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/56be5ee59031d5d0d130be24ada8f84ac2386c89.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:84.698ex; height:7.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P(X_{1}=k_{1},X_{2}=k_{2})=\exp \left(-\lambda _{1}-\lambda _{2}-\lambda _{3}\right){\frac {\lambda _{1}^{k_{1}}}{k_{1}!}}{\frac {\lambda _{2}^{k_{2}}}{k_{2}!}}\sum _{k=0}^{\min(k_{1},k_{2})}{\binom {k_{1}}{k}}{\binom {k_{2}}{k}}k!\left({\frac {\lambda _{3}}{\lambda _{1}\lambda _{2}}}\right)^{k}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die Randverteilungen sind Poisson-verteilt mit den Parametern <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda _{1}+\lambda _{3}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda _{1}+\lambda _{3}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d568bea348cd2a4d602f1dde1a30ca3862d5a38f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.659ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda _{1}+\lambda _{3}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda _{2}+\lambda _{3}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda _{2}+\lambda _{3}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8b9b6ce3c37e4a97e8996bed1a7acb585404bd26.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.659ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda _{2}+\lambda _{3}}" loading="lazy"></span> und es gilt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \operatorname {Cov} (X_{1},X_{2})=\lambda _{3}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Cov</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \operatorname {Cov} (X_{1},X_{2})=\lambda _{3}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/68ed24ded090e31763682a8224b38df357080e5a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.376ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \operatorname {Cov} (X_{1},X_{2})=\lambda _{3}}" loading="lazy"></span>. Die Differenz ist Skellam-verteilt mit den Parametern <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda _{1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda _{1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/571a423bece8f29bcd1b48572f18dd4f6213dce2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.409ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda _{1}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda _{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda _{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6b668a1bd1e8ab9452ca975b7497546e7c1ba187.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.409ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda _{2}}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p><p>Dies bedeutet, dass man relativ einfach Abhängigkeiten zwischen Poisson-verteilten Zufallsvariablen einführen kann, wenn man die Mittelwerte der Randverteilungen sowie die Kovarianz kennt oder schätzen kann. Man kann dann die bivariate Poisson-Verteilung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X_{1},X_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X_{1},X_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6d6099d6fb3c34ad5e22fad9c79c40c4ebfee1ba.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.991ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X_{1},X_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> einfach erzeugen, indem man drei unabhängige Poisson-verteilte Zufallsvariablen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Y_{1},Y_{2},Y_{3}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>Y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>Y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>Y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Y_{1},Y_{2},Y_{3}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/db225a2d7020b587c310f70d465d81a5ff666ce5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.282ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Y_{1},Y_{2},Y_{3}}" loading="lazy"></span> definiert mit Parametern <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda _{1},\lambda _{2},\lambda _{3}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda _{1},\lambda _{2},\lambda _{3}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f2b8c04bd1b2d2ea63bf44bf3ef1712baa2e7248.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.296ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda _{1},\lambda _{2},\lambda _{3}}" loading="lazy"></span> und dann <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X_{1}=Y_{1}+Y_{3},X_{2}=Y_{2}+Y_{3}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>Y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>Y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>Y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>Y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X_{1}=Y_{1}+Y_{3},X_{2}=Y_{2}+Y_{3}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/405f340ed0ff2f8d651ba9a8f3e78081e8b5ef80.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:28.488ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X_{1}=Y_{1}+Y_{3},X_{2}=Y_{2}+Y_{3}}" loading="lazy"></span> setzt.
</p><p>Analog kann die multivariate Poisson-Verteilung<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> definiert werden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anwendungsbeispiele">Anwendungsbeispiele</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="„Seltene“_Ereignisse"><span id=".E2.80.9ESeltene.E2.80.9C_Ereignisse"></span>„Seltene“ Ereignisse</h3></div>
<p>Das klassische Beispiel stammt von <a href="Ladislaus_von_Bortkewitsch" title="Ladislaus von Bortkewitsch">Ladislaus von Bortkewitsch</a>, der bei der Untersuchung der Anzahlen der Todesfälle durch Hufschlag in den einzelnen <a href="Kavallerie" title="Kavallerie">Kavallerie</a>-Einheiten der preußischen Armee pro Jahr belegen konnte, dass diese Anzahlen gut durch eine Poisson-Verteilung beschrieben werden können.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Allgemein müssen für die einzelnen Zählereignisse (im Beispiel die einzelnen Todesfälle durch Hufschläge) die folgenden Bedingungen gelten, damit die Anzahl Poisson-verteilt ist:<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<ol><li>Einzelereignisse: Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass zwei Ereignisse in einem kurzen Zeitraum auftreten, ist vernachlässigbar.</li>
<li>Proportionalität: Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, ein Ereignis in einem kurzen Zeitraum zu beobachten, ist proportional zur Länge des Zeitraums.</li>
<li>Homogenität: Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, ein Ereignis in einem kurzen Zeitraum zu beobachten, ist unabhängig von der Lage des Zeitraums.</li>
<li>Unabhängigkeit: Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, ein Ereignis in einem kurzen Zeitraum zu beobachten, ist unabhängig von der Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Ereignisses in anderen, nicht-überlappenden Zeiträumen.</li></ol>
<p>Alternativ kann man diese Bedingungen auch damit erklären, dass die Wartezeit zwischen zwei Ereignissen <a href="Exponentialverteilung" title="Exponentialverteilung">exponentialverteilt</a> ist. Da diese <a href="Ged%C3%A4chtnislosigkeit" title="Gedächtnislosigkeit">gedächtnislos</a> ist, treten die Ereignisse quasi zufällig und unabhängig voneinander ein.
</p><p>Es ist in jedem Einzelfall zu prüfen, ob die Bedingungen vorliegen, aber typische Beispiele sind:
</p>
<ul><li>Anzahl der <a href="Druckfehler" title="Druckfehler">Druckfehler</a> auf einer Buchseite</li>
<li>Anzahl der ankommenden Gespräche pro Stunde in einer Telefonzentrale</li>
<li>Anzahl der <a href="Radioaktivit%C3%A4t" title="Radioaktivität">radioaktiven Zerfälle</a> einer Substanz in einem gegebenen Zeitintervall (vorausgesetzt, dass die Zerfallsrate nicht merklich abnimmt, die Messdauer also klein im Vergleich zur <a href="Halbwertszeit" title="Halbwertszeit">Halbwertszeit</a> ist)</li>
<li>Anzahl der <a href="Blitz" title="Blitz">Blitzeinschläge</a> pro <a href="Hektar" title="Hektar">ha</a> und Jahr</li>
<li>Anzahl der aufgetretenen <a href="Impfschaden" title="Impfschaden">Impfschäden</a> pro Jahr</li>
<li>der <a href="V-Waffen" class="mw-redirect" title="V-Waffen">V-Waffen-Beschuss von London</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<p>Nach dem <a href="Satz_von_Palm-Chintschin" title="Satz von Palm-Chintschin">Satz von Palm-Chintschin</a> konvergieren sogar allgemeine <a href="Erneuerungsprozess" title="Erneuerungsprozess">Erneuerungsprozesse</a> unter relativ milden Bedingungen gegen einen <a href="Poisson-Prozess" title="Poisson-Prozess">Poisson-Prozess</a>, d.&nbsp;h., auch hier ergibt sich für die Anzahl der Ereignisse wieder die Poisson-Verteilung. Das bedeutet, dass die oben angegebenen Bedingungen noch erheblich abgeschwächt werden können.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ankünfte_von_Kunden"><span id="Ank.C3.BCnfte_von_Kunden"></span>Ankünfte von Kunden</h3></div>
<p>In <a href="Warteschlange" title="Warteschlange">Warteschlangensystemen</a> kommen Kunden oder Aufträge im System an, um bedient zu werden. In der <a href="Warteschlangentheorie" title="Warteschlangentheorie">Warteschlangentheorie</a> werden die unterschiedlichen Modelle in der <a href="Kendall-Notation" title="Kendall-Notation">Kendall-Notation</a> beschrieben. Dabei werden häufig insb. die Anzahl der Kunden, die in einem gewissen Zeitintervall ankommen, mit einer Poisson-Verteilung modelliert (abgekürzt durch <i>M</i> für exponentialverteilte Zwischenankunftszeiten). Diese Modellbildung ist sehr attraktiv, da sich unter dieser Annahme oft einfache analytische Lösungen ergeben.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Häufig kann diese Annahme auch näherungsweise gerechtfertigt werden, hier soll an einem Beispiel illustriert werden, was diese Annahme bedeutet: Ein Kaufhaus wird beispielsweise an einem Samstag durchschnittlich alle zehn Sekunden von einem Kunden betreten. Werden nun im Takt von einer Minute die Personen gezählt, die neu dazu kamen, so würde man im Mittel sechs Personen erwarten, die das Kaufhaus pro Minute betreten. Die Wahl der Länge des Intervalls liegt beim Beobachter. Würde man eine Stunde als Beobachtungsintervall wählen, ergäbe sich <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda =6\cdot 60=360}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mn>60</mn>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>360</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda =6\cdot 60=360}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6c83f820faa6987b9ad9096c82dde9446e79d46e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:16.206ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda =6\cdot 60=360}" loading="lazy"></span>, bei einem Intervall von einer Sekunde wäre <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda =1/10=0{,}1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>10</mn>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda =1/10=0{,}1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/92f16ef8f16c9c331549317aed0daea61de7ae39.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.174ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda =1/10=0{,}1}" loading="lazy"></span>. Die relative Schwankung der Kundenanzahl (<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\sqrt {\lambda }}/\lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\sqrt {\lambda }}/\lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7dc0cb4c3b2e573acc36b4b9b8b0c6910d46a646.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.809ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\sqrt {\lambda }}/\lambda }" loading="lazy"></span>) nimmt mit größer werdendem Intervall und folglich größer werdendem <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> ab. Das längere Intervall erlaubt also über die längere Mittelung eine im Prinzip präzisere Beobachtung, ist aber mit mehr Aufwand verbunden und kann innerhalb des Intervalls auftretende Veränderung der Bedingungen (z.&nbsp;B. Ankunft eines Busses mit einkaufswilligen Touristen) nicht erfassen.
</p><p>Unter folgenden Randbedingungen könnte eine Poisson-Verteilung vorliegen:
</p>
<ol><li>Die Kunden müssen einzeln ankommen. In der Realität kommen aber häufig Personengruppen gemeinsam an.</li>
<li>Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass ein Kunde ankommt, könnte proportional zur Länge des Beobachtungszeitraums sein.</li>
<li>Es gibt sicherlich über den Tag verteilt Stoßzeiten mit erhöhtem Kundenaufkommen, aber auch Flauten.</li>
<li>Die Kundenankünfte in verschiedenen Zeiträumen sind nicht notwendigerweise unabhängig. Z.&nbsp;B. bei Überfüllung des Kaufhauses könnten Kunden abgeschreckt werden.</li></ol>
<p>In diesem Beispiel ist die Annahme der Poisson-Verteilung nur schwer zu rechtfertigen, daher gibt es Warteschlangenmodelle z.&nbsp;B. mit Gruppenankünften, endlichen Warteschlangen oder anderen Ankunftsverteilungen, um diesen Ankunftsprozess realistischer zu modellieren. Glücklicherweise sind einige wichtige Kennzahlen, wie z.&nbsp;B. nach <a href="Littles_Gesetz" title="Littles Gesetz">Littles Gesetz</a> die durchschnittliche Anzahl von Kunden im System, nicht von der konkreten Verteilung abhängig, d.&nbsp;h., auch wenn Annahmen verletzt sind, gilt dasselbe Ergebnis.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ball-Fächer-Modell"><span id="Ball-F.C3.A4cher-Modell"></span>Ball-Fächer-Modell</h3></div>
<p>Im Gebiet <a href="Abz%C3%A4hlende_Kombinatorik" title="Abzählende Kombinatorik">Abzählende Kombinatorik</a> besteht eine Standard-Aufgabe darin, Bälle oder Kugeln auf Fächer zu verteilen und abzuzählen, wie viele Möglichkeiten es gibt. Ordnet man die <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>N</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f5e3890c981ae85503089652feb48b191b57aae3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.064ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N}" loading="lazy"></span> Bälle den <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span> Fächern zufällig zu, so erhält man für die Anzahl der Bälle in einem festen Fach eine <a href="Binomialverteilung" title="Binomialverteilung">Binomialverteilung</a> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p=1/n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p=1/n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/543e463d8077a8d4cd03c6cb08a71636641f610f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:8.077ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p=1/n}" loading="lazy"></span>. Eine Anwendung ist z.&nbsp;B. die Verteilung von Rosinen auf einem Kuchen, mit dem Ziel, dass jedes Stück eine Mindestanzahl von Rosinen enthält.
</p>

<p>Das Bild rechts zeigt einen Ausschnitt eines Fußbodens mit quadratischen Fliesen, auf dem Reiskörner zufällig verstreut wurden. Die <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n=49}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>49</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n=49}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a0676f960c09bd8af8fc6dc2e185fbddcda8f21a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.818ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n=49}" loading="lazy"></span> Felder enthalten je <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k=0,\dotsc ,5}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>5</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k=0,\dotsc ,5}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9ffb62b132a8c7088229f07024ba137f07c50c3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.813ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k=0,\dotsc ,5}" loading="lazy"></span> Reiskörner, und insgesamt befinden sich <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N=66}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>N</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>66</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N=66}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/11da5dbbee1d427ef36713405b8d6d2051345320.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.487ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N=66}" loading="lazy"></span> Reiskörner im betrachteten Ausschnitt. Man kann die Wahrscheinlichkeiten jetzt direkt über die <a href="Binomialverteilung" title="Binomialverteilung">Binomialverteilung</a> bestimmen, aber es sind auch die Voraussetzungen der <a href="Poisson-Approximation" title="Poisson-Approximation">Poisson-Approximation</a> erfüllt.
</p><p>Der Vergleich zwischen Experiment und berechneter Poisson-Verteilung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P(X=k)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>P</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P(X=k)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fac622c4863e975d728c05c78bf59f93c3df9e62.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.844ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P(X=k)}" loading="lazy"></span>, wobei
<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda =N/n=66/49=1{,}35}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>N</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>66</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>49</mn>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>35</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda =N/n=66/49=1{,}35}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/35a8571c721621ea2cddd6332c2eb9643b666fc4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:25.218ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda =N/n=66/49=1{,}35}" loading="lazy"></span> Reiskörner/Quadrate ist, zeigt intuitiv eine gute Übereinstimmung. Statistisch könnte man die <a href="Anpassungsg%C3%BCte" title="Anpassungsgüte">Anpassungsgüte</a> mit einem <a href="Anpassungstest" class="mw-redirect" title="Anpassungstest">Anpassungstest</a> überprüfen.
</p>

<table class="wikitable">

<tbody><tr>
<td align="right"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td>gezählt
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P(X=k)\cdot 49}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>P</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mn>49</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P(X=k)\cdot 49}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/26e4642890e2777ae75d49bea78d1c342b99b336.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.848ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P(X=k)\cdot 49}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
<p>0
</p>
</td>
<td align="right">
<p>15
</p>
</td>
<td align="right">
<p>12,7
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
<p>1
</p>
</td>
<td align="right">
<p>15
</p>
</td>
<td align="right">
<p>17,2
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
<p>2
</p>
</td>
<td align="right">
<p>11
</p>
</td>
<td align="right">
<p>11,6
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
<p>3
</p>
</td>
<td align="right">
<p>5
</p>
</td>
<td align="right">
<p>5,2
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
<p>4
</p>
</td>
<td align="right">
<p>1
</p>
</td>
<td align="right">
<p>1,7
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
<p>5
</p>
</td>
<td align="right">
<p>2
</p>
</td>
<td align="right">
<p>0,5
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass ein bestimmtes Feld leer bleibt, ist etwa 26&nbsp;%:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P(X=0)={\frac {1{,}35^{0}}{0!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-1{,}35}\approx 0{,}26.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>P</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mn>35</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>35</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>≈<!-- ≈ --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>26.</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P(X=0)={\frac {1{,}35^{0}}{0!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-1{,}35}\approx 0{,}26.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d0ad96021aced405584bda6369a4c8a39d2e1cf1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:32.652ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P(X=0)={\frac {1{,}35^{0}}{0!}}\,\mathrm {e} ^{-1{,}35}\approx 0{,}26.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sportergebnisse">Sportergebnisse</h3></div>
<p>In vielen Sportarten geht es in einem Wettbewerb darum, innerhalb eines bestimmten Zeitraums mehr zählende Ereignisse zu erwirken als der Gegner. Der Physiker <a href="Metin_Tolan" title="Metin Tolan">Metin Tolan</a> hat in seinem Buch zum Fußballspiel die Anwendbarkeit der Poisson-Verteilung im Sport ausführlich untersucht.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Die (zeitliche) Konstanz der Ereigniswahrscheinlichkeit – eine hinreichende Voraussetzung für die Anwendung der Poisson-Statistik (siehe oben unter <a href="#„Seltene“_Ereignisse">Poissonsche Annahmen</a>) – ist bei Sportergebnissen in der Regel höchstens näherungsweise gegeben. Aber ist man nur an dem reinen Zählwert, z.&nbsp;B. der Torzahl einer Mannschaft, interessiert, so ergibt sich auch bei zeitabhängiger Torrate eine Poisson-Verteilung.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schwieriger zu rechtfertigen ist die oft getroffene Annahme, dass die Tor- oder Punktzahlen zweier Mannschaften unabhängig sind. Kann man diese Annahme nicht statistisch ausreichend begründen, z.&nbsp;B. durch Hypothesen- oder Anpassungstest auf Übereinstimmung der Daten mit der Poisson-Verteilung, so kann man beispielsweise zur bivariaten Poisson-Verteilung übergehen und durch Schätzung der <a href="Kovarianz_(Stochastik)" title="Kovarianz (Stochastik)">Kovarianz</a> eine Abhängigkeit einführen.
</p><p>Tolan argumentiert, dass man die Torzahl einer Mannschaft in einem <a href="Fu%C3%9Fball" title="Fußball">Fußballspiel</a> in guter Näherung als Poisson-verteilt annehmen darf.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In seinem Ansatz berücksichtigt er zur Schätzung allerdings nur die durchschnittliche Anzahl von Toren pro Spiel und Mannschaft, d.&nbsp;h., er betrachtet beispielsweise nicht die Spielstärke der gegnerischen Mannschaft. Er hat auch nachgewiesen, dass über 70&nbsp;% der Varianz der Punkteverteilung in der <a href="Fu%C3%9Fball-Bundesliga" title="Fußball-Bundesliga">Fußball-Bundesliga</a> durch Zufall erklärt werden können. Dies belegt auch aus stochastischer Sicht, warum Fußball spannend ist.
</p><p>Für das <a href="DFB-Pokal_2014/15#Finale" title="DFB-Pokal 2014/15">Finale im DFB-Pokal 2015</a> hätte Tolan z.&nbsp;B. auf Grundlage der abgelaufenen <a href="Fu%C3%9Fball-Bundesliga_2014/15" title="Fußball-Bundesliga 2014/15">Bundesliga-Saison</a> für den <a href="VfL_Wolfsburg" title="VfL Wolfsburg">VfL Wolfsburg</a> 2,12 Tore und für <a href="Borussia_Dortmund" title="Borussia Dortmund">Borussia Dortmund</a> 1,38 Tore geschätzt. Andreas Heuer geht einen Schritt weiter und definiert die Spielstärke einer Mannschaft als die mittlere Tordifferenz einer Mannschaft beim Spiel gegen einen durchschnittlichen Gegner auf neutralem Platz.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ebenfalls mit den Daten aus der abgelaufenen Bundesliga-Saison hätte man für den VfL Wolfsburg eine mittlere Tordifferenz von 1 und für Borussia Dortmund von 0,15 geschätzt. Um zu einer Spielprognose zu kommen, muss man nach Heuer noch die mittlere Anzahl der Tore pro Spiel berücksichtigen. Für diese beiden Mannschaften wäre das 2,92, und Heuer würde für den VfL Wolfsburg 1,885 Tore und für Borussia Dortmund 1,035 Tore schätzen. Für Saisonprognosen berücksichtigt Heuer in seinem kompletten Modell noch weitere Parameter wie die Heimstärke, den Marktwert oder das Abschneiden der Mannschaften in den Vorsaisons. Das Endspiel endete in der Praxis dann mit drei Toren für Wolfsburg und einem Tor für Dortmund.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zwei-Drittel-Gesetz_beim_Roulette">Zwei-Drittel-Gesetz beim Roulette</h3></div>
<p>Die Poisson-Verteilung ergibt eine gute <a href="Zwei-Drittel-Gesetz" title="Zwei-Drittel-Gesetz">Schätzung</a>, wie viele verschiedene Nummern bei 37 <a href="Roulette" title="Roulette">Roulette</a>-Spielen getroffen werden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Alessandro_Birolini" title="Alessandro Birolini">Alessandro Birolini</a>: <i>Reliability Engineering</i>. 7. Auflage., Springer, 2013, ISBN 978-3-642-39534-5</li>
<li>Joseph K. Blitzstein, Jessica Hwang: <i>Introduction to Probability</i>. Chapman&amp;Hall, 2014, ISBN 978-1-4665-7557-8</li>
<li>Catherine Forbes, Merran Evans: <i>Statistical Distributions</i>. 4. Auflage. Wiley, 2011, ISBN 978-0-470-39063-4</li>
<li><a href="P._Heinz_M%C3%BCller" title="P. Heinz Müller">P. H. Müller</a> (Hrsg.): <cite style="font-style:italic">Lexikon der Stochastik – Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung und mathematische Statistik</cite>. 5. Auflage. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1991, ISBN 978-3-05-500608-1, <span style="white-space:nowrap"><i>Poisson-Verteilung</i>, S. 301</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Poisson-Verteilung&amp;rft.btitle=Lexikon+der+Stochastik+-+Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung+und+mathematische+Statistik&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.edition=5&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783055006081&amp;rft.place=Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Akademie-Verlag" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><a href="Thorsten_Imkamp" title="Thorsten Imkamp">Thorsten Imkamp</a>, Sabrina Proß: <i>Einstieg in die Stochastik</i>, Springer 2021, ISBN 978-3-662-63766-1, Poisson Verteilung, S. 254 ff.</li>
<li><a href="Thorsten_Imkamp" title="Thorsten Imkamp">Thorsten Imkamp</a>, Sabrina Proß: <i>Einstieg in stochastische Prozesse</i>, Springer 2023, ISBN 978-3-662-66669-2</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikisource"></span></span></div><b><a href="https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/fr:Recherches_sur_la_probabilit%C3%A9_des_jugements_en_mati%C3%A8re_criminelle_et_en_mati%C3%A8re_civile" class="extiw external" title="s:fr:Recherches sur la probabilité des jugements en matière criminelle et en matière civile">Wikisource: Recherches sur la probabilité des jugements en matière criminelle et en matière civile</a></b>&nbsp;– Originalveröffentlichung (französisch)</div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikibooks"></span></span></div><b><a href="https://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statistik:_Poissonverteilung" class="extiw external" title="b:Statistik: Poissonverteilung">Wikibooks: Poissonverteilung (für Anfänger)</a></b>&nbsp;– Lern- und Lehrmaterialien</div>
<ul><li>A.V. Prokhorov: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Poisson distribution</cite>. In: <a href="Michiel_Hazewinkel" title="Michiel Hazewinkel">Michiel Hazewinkel</a> (Hrsg.): <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic"><a href="Encyclopedia_of_Mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia of Mathematics">Encyclopedia of Mathematics</a></cite>. Springer-Verlag und <a href="European_Mathematical_Society" title="European Mathematical Society">EMS</a> Press, Berlin 2002, ISBN 1-55608-010-7 (englisch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php/Poisson_distribution">encyclopediaofmath.org</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Poisson-Verteilung&amp;rft.atitle=Poisson+distribution&amp;rft.au=A.V.+Prokhorov&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Mathematics&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=1556080107&amp;rft.place=Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Springer-Verlag+und+EMS+Press" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><a href="Eric_Weisstein" title="Eric Weisstein">Eric W. Weisstein</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/PoissonDistribution.html"><i>Poisson Distribution</i>.</a> In: <i><a href="MathWorld" title="MathWorld">MathWorld</a></i> (englisch).</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://application.wiley-vch.de/books/sample/3527713255_c13.pdf">Allgemeinverständliche Erklärungen und Beispiele</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statologie.de/poisson-verteilung-rechner/">online-Rechner</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Georg Berschneider, René L. Schilling, Technische Universität Dresden: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motapa.de/open/schilling89.pdf">Die Poisson-Verteilung, Fußballtore und das Gesetz der kleinen Zahlen</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander Kager: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unipub.uni-graz.at/obvugrhs/download/pdf/2751398">Ist Fußball (un)berechenbar - wahrscheinlichkeitstheoretische Betrachtungen in der Sekundarstufe II</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Adell, Jodra: <i>The median of the poisson distribution</i>. In: <i>Metrika</i>, 61, 2005, S.&nbsp;337–346, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s001840400350" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1007/s001840400350">doi:10.1007/s001840400350</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Papoulis: <i>Poisson Process and Shot Noise</i>. In: <i>Probability, Random Variables, and Stochastic Processes</i>. 2. Aufl. McGraw-Hill, New York 1984, S.&nbsp;554–576.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. G. Skellam: <i>The frequency distribution of the difference between two Poisson variates belonging to different populations</i>. In: <i>Journal of the Royal Statistical Society</i>, Series A, 109 (3), 1946, S. 296, <a href="JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2981372">2981372</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="P._Heinz_M%C3%BCller" title="P. Heinz Müller">P. H. Müller</a> (Hrsg.): <cite style="font-style:italic">Lexikon der Stochastik – Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung und mathematische Statistik</cite>. 5. Auflage. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1991, ISBN 978-3-05-500608-1, <span style="white-space:nowrap"><i>Poisson-Verteilung</i>, S. 301</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Poisson-Verteilung&amp;rft.btitle=Lexikon+der+Stochastik+-+Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung+und+mathematische+Statistik&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.edition=5&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783055006081&amp;rft.place=Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Akademie-Verlag" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kazutomu Kawamura: <i>The structure of bivariate Poisson distribution</i>. In: <i>Kodai Mathematical Seminar Reports</i>, Volume 25, Number 2, 1973, S. 246–256, <a href="https://doi.org/10.2996/kmj/1138846776" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.2996/kmj/1138846776">doi:10.2996/kmj/1138846776</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kazutomu Kawamura: <i>The structure of multivariate Poisson distribution</i>. In: <i>Kodai Mathematical Seminar Reports</i>, Volume 25, Number 2, 1973, S. 333–345, <a href="https://doi.org/10.2996/kmj/1138036064" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.2996/kmj/1138036064">doi:10.2996/kmj/1138036064</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ladislaus von Bortkewitsch: <i>Das Gesetz der kleinen Zahlen.</i> Leipzig 1898 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/dasgesetzderkle01bortgoog">archive.org</a>)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261891140">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .webarchiv-memento a{color:inherit}


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</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150920033111/http://mars.wiwi.hu-berlin.de/mediawiki/mmstat_de/index.php/Verteilungsmodelle_-_STAT-Poisson-Verteilung">Poisson-Verteilung</a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> vom 20. September 2015 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>) Humboldt-Universität Berlin</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. D. Clarke: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-institute-of-actuaries/article/an-application-of-the-poisson-distribution/F75111847FDA534103BD4941BD96A78E"><i>An application of the Poisson distribution</i>.</a> In: <i>Journal of the Institute of Actuaries.</i> Volume 73, Number 3, 1946, S. 481, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020268100035435" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1017/S0020268100035435">doi:10.1017/S0020268100035435</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Donald Gross, Carl M. Harris: <i>Fundamentals of Queuing Theory</i>. Wiley &amp; Sons, New York 1994.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Rolf_Schassberger" title="Rolf Schassberger">Rolf Schassberger</a>: <i>Warteschlangen</i>. Springer Verlag, Wien, 1973, ISBN 3-211-81074-9</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Metin Tolan: <i>Manchmal gewinnt der Bessere: die Physik des Fußballspiels</i>, Piper, 2011</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Alessandro_Birolini" title="Alessandro Birolini">Alessandro Birolini</a>:<i> Reliability Engineering</i>, Springer, 2014, insb. A7.8.2</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Holger Dambeck: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spektrum.de/pdf/sdw-10-06-s068-pdf/1031900?file"><i>Ist Fußball ein Glücksspiel?</i></a> In: <i><a href="Spektrum_der_Wissenschaft" title="Spektrum der Wissenschaft">Spektrum der Wissenschaft</a></i>, Juni 2010, S. 68–70, wird als unsicherer Download blockiert, festgestellt am 15. September 2024</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreas Heuer: <i>Der perfekte Tipp.</i> Wiley-VCH, 2012.</span>
</li>
</ol>
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<div class="klappleiste-kopf">Diskrete univariate Verteilungen</div>
<div class="klappleiste-inhalt mw-collapsible-content">
<p><b>Diskrete univariate Verteilungen für endliche Mengen:</b><br>
<a href="Benfordsches_Gesetz" title="Benfordsches Gesetz">Benford</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Bernoulli-Verteilung" title="Bernoulli-Verteilung">Bernoulli</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Beta-Binomialverteilung" title="Beta-Binomialverteilung">beta-binomial</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Binomialverteilung" title="Binomialverteilung">binomial</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Dirac-Verteilung" title="Dirac-Verteilung">Dirac</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Diskrete_Gleichverteilung" title="Diskrete Gleichverteilung">diskret uniform</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Empirische_Verteilung_(Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung)" title="Empirische Verteilung (Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung)">empirisch</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Hypergeometrische_Verteilung" title="Hypergeometrische Verteilung">hypergeometrisch</a>&nbsp;|
kategorial&nbsp;|
<a href="Negative_hypergeometrische_Verteilung" title="Negative hypergeometrische Verteilung">negativ hypergeometrisch</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Rademacherverteilung" title="Rademacherverteilung">Rademacher</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Verallgemeinerte_Binomialverteilung" title="Verallgemeinerte Binomialverteilung">verallgemeinert binomial</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Zipfsches_Gesetz" title="Zipfsches Gesetz">Zipf</a>&nbsp;|
Zipf-Mandelbrot&nbsp;|
<a href="Zweipunktverteilung" title="Zweipunktverteilung">Zweipunkt</a>
</p><p><b>Diskrete univariate Verteilungen für unendliche Mengen:</b><br>
<a href="Boltzmann-Statistik" title="Boltzmann-Statistik">Boltzmann</a>&nbsp;|
Conway-Maxwell-Poisson&nbsp;|
discrete-Phase-Type&nbsp;|
erweitert negativ binomial&nbsp;|
Gauss-Kuzmin&nbsp;|
<a href="Gemischte_Poisson-Verteilung" title="Gemischte Poisson-Verteilung">gemischt Poisson</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Geometrische_Verteilung" title="Geometrische Verteilung">geometrisch</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Logarithmische_Verteilung" title="Logarithmische Verteilung">logarithmisch</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Negative_Binomialverteilung" title="Negative Binomialverteilung">negativ binomial</a>&nbsp;|
parabolisch-fraktal&nbsp;|
<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Poisson</a>&nbsp;|
Skellam&nbsp;|
<a href="Verallgemeinerte_Poisson-Verteilung" title="Verallgemeinerte Poisson-Verteilung">verallgemeinert Poisson</a>&nbsp;|
Yule-Simon&nbsp;|
<a href="Zeta-Verteilung" title="Zeta-Verteilung">Zeta</a>
</p>
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<div class="klappleiste-kopf">Kontinuierliche univariate Verteilungen</div>
<div class="klappleiste-inhalt mw-collapsible-content">
<p><b>Kontinuierliche univariate Verteilungen mit kompaktem Intervall:</b><br>
<a href="Betaverteilung" class="mw-redirect" title="Betaverteilung">Beta</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Cantor-Verteilung" title="Cantor-Verteilung">Cantor</a>&nbsp;|
Kumaraswamy&nbsp;|
raised Cosine&nbsp;|
<a href="Dreiecksverteilung" title="Dreiecksverteilung">Dreieck</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Trapezverteilung" title="Trapezverteilung">Trapez</a>&nbsp;|
U-quadratisch&nbsp;|
<a href="Stetige_Gleichverteilung" title="Stetige Gleichverteilung">stetig uniform</a>&nbsp;|
Wigner-Halbkreis
</p><p><b>Kontinuierliche univariate Verteilungen mit halboffenem Intervall:</b><br>
<a href="Beta-prime-Verteilung" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-prime-Verteilung">Beta prime</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Bose-Einstein-Statistik" title="Bose-Einstein-Statistik">Bose-Einstein</a>&nbsp;|
Burr&nbsp;|
<a href="Chi-Verteilung" title="Chi-Verteilung">Chi</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Chi-Quadrat-Verteilung" title="Chi-Quadrat-Verteilung">Chi-Quadrat</a>&nbsp;|
Coxian&nbsp;|
<a href="Erlang-Verteilung" title="Erlang-Verteilung">Erlang</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Exponentialverteilung" title="Exponentialverteilung">Exponential</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Extremwertverteilung" title="Extremwertverteilung">Extremwert</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="F-Verteilung" title="F-Verteilung">F</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Fermi-Dirac-Statistik" title="Fermi-Dirac-Statistik">Fermi-Dirac</a>&nbsp;|
Folded normal&nbsp;|
<a href="Fr%C3%A9chet-Verteilung" title="Fréchet-Verteilung">Fréchet</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Gammaverteilung" title="Gammaverteilung">Gamma</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Gamma-Gamma-Verteilung" title="Gamma-Gamma-Verteilung">Gamma-Gamma</a>&nbsp;|
verallgemeinert invers Gauß&nbsp;|
halblogistisch&nbsp;|
halbnormal&nbsp;|
<a href="Hartman-Watson-Verteilung" title="Hartman-Watson-Verteilung">Hartman-Watson</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Hotellings_T-Quadrat-Verteilung" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotellings T-Quadrat-Verteilung">Hotellings T-Quadrat</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Hyper-exponentiale_Verteilung" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyper-exponentiale Verteilung">hyper-exponentiale</a>&nbsp;|
hypoexponential&nbsp;|
invers Chi-Quadrat&nbsp;|
scale-invers Chi-Quadrat&nbsp;|
<a href="Inverse_Normalverteilung" title="Inverse Normalverteilung">Invers Normal</a>&nbsp;|
Invers Gamma&nbsp;|
<a href="Kolmogorow-Verteilung" title="Kolmogorow-Verteilung">Kolmogorow-Verteilung</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="L%C3%A9vy-Verteilung" title="Lévy-Verteilung">Lévy</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Logarithmische_Normalverteilung" title="Logarithmische Normalverteilung">log-normal</a>&nbsp;|
log-logistisch&nbsp;|
<a href="Maxwell-Boltzmann-Verteilung" title="Maxwell-Boltzmann-Verteilung">Maxwell-Boltzmann</a>&nbsp;|
Maxwell-Speed&nbsp;|
Nakagami&nbsp;|
<a href="Nichtzentrierte_Chi-Quadrat-Verteilung" class="mw-redirect" title="Nichtzentrierte Chi-Quadrat-Verteilung">nichtzentriert Chi-Quadrat</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Pareto-Verteilung" title="Pareto-Verteilung">Pareto</a>&nbsp;|
Phase-Type&nbsp;|
<a href="Rayleigh-Verteilung" title="Rayleigh-Verteilung">Rayleigh</a>&nbsp;|
relativistisch Breit-Wigner&nbsp;|
Rice&nbsp;|
<a href="Rosin-Rammler-Verteilung" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosin-Rammler-Verteilung">Rosin-Rammler</a>&nbsp;|
shifted Gompertz&nbsp;|
truncated normal&nbsp;|
Type-2-Gumbel&nbsp;|
<a href="Weibull-Verteilung" title="Weibull-Verteilung">Weibull</a>&nbsp;|
Wilks’ Lambda
</p><p><b>Kontinuierliche univariate Verteilungen mit unbeschränktem Intervall:</b><br>
<a href="Cauchy-Verteilung" title="Cauchy-Verteilung">Cauchy</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Extremwertverteilung" title="Extremwertverteilung">Extremwert</a>&nbsp;|
exponential Power&nbsp;|
<a href="Fishers_z-Verteilung" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishers z-Verteilung">Fishers&nbsp;<i>z</i></a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Gumbel-Verteilung" title="Gumbel-Verteilung">Fisher-Tippett (Gumbel)</a>&nbsp;|
generalized hyperbolic&nbsp;|
Hyperbolic-secant&nbsp;|
<a href="Landauverteilung" title="Landauverteilung">Landau</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Laplace-Verteilung" title="Laplace-Verteilung">Laplace</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Alpha-stabile_Verteilungen" title="Alpha-stabile Verteilungen">alpha-stabil</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Logistische_Verteilung" title="Logistische Verteilung">logistisch</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Normalverteilung" title="Normalverteilung">normal (Gauß)</a>&nbsp;|
normal-invers Gauß’sch&nbsp;|
Skew-normal&nbsp;|
<a href="Studentsche_t-Verteilung" title="Studentsche t-Verteilung">Studentsche&nbsp;t</a>&nbsp;|
Type-1-Gumbel&nbsp;|
Variance-Gamma&nbsp;|
<a href="Voigt-Profil" title="Voigt-Profil">Voigt</a>
</p>
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<div class="klappleiste-kopf">Multivariate Verteilungen</div>
<div class="klappleiste-inhalt mw-collapsible-content">
<p><b>Diskrete multivariate Verteilungen:</b><br>
Dirichlet compound multinomial&nbsp;|
Ewens&nbsp;|
gemischt Multinomial&nbsp;|
<a href="Multinomialverteilung" title="Multinomialverteilung">multinomial</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Multivariate_hypergeometrische_Verteilung" class="mw-redirect" title="Multivariate hypergeometrische Verteilung">multivariat hypergeometrisch</a>&nbsp;|
multivariat Poisson&nbsp;|
negativmultinomial&nbsp;|
Pólya/Eggenberger&nbsp;|
<a href="Polyhypergeometrische_Verteilung" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyhypergeometrische Verteilung">polyhypergeometrisch</a>
</p><p><b>Kontinuierliche multivariate Verteilungen:</b><br>
<a href="Dirichlet-Verteilung" title="Dirichlet-Verteilung">Dirichlet</a>&nbsp;|
GEM&nbsp;|
generalized Dirichlet&nbsp;|
<a href="Mehrdimensionale_Normalverteilung" title="Mehrdimensionale Normalverteilung">multivariat normal</a>&nbsp;|
multivariat Student&nbsp;|
normalskaliert invers Gamma&nbsp;|
Normal-Gamma&nbsp;|
Poisson-Dirichlet
</p><p><b>Multivariate Matrixverteilungen:</b><br>
<a href="Gleichverteilung_auf_der_Stiefel-Mannigfaltigkeit" title="Gleichverteilung auf der Stiefel-Mannigfaltigkeit">Gleichverteilung auf der Stiefel-Mannigfaltigkeit</a>&nbsp;|
Invers Wishart&nbsp;|
Matrix Beta&nbsp;|
Matrix Gamma&nbsp;|
Matrix invers Beta&nbsp;|
Matrix invers Gamma&nbsp;|
Matrix Normal&nbsp;|
Matrix Student-t&nbsp;|
<a href="Matrix-Von-Mises-Fisher-Verteilung" title="Matrix-Von-Mises-Fisher-Verteilung">Matrix-Von-Mises-Fisher-Verteilung</a>&nbsp;|
Normal-invers-Wishart&nbsp;|
Normal-Wishart&nbsp;|
<a href="Wishart-Verteilung" title="Wishart-Verteilung">Wishart</a>
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